Chapter 9 Vocab

group of advisors to a President

This act established a federal court system. The states kept their own laws and courts, but the federal courts had the power to reverse state decisions. The act marked a first step in creating a strong and independent national judicial system.

certificate that promises to repay borrowed money in the future—plus an additional amount of money, called interest

people who risk money in hopes of making a large profit in the future

taxes on imports. These would raise money for the government and protect American industries from foreign competition

In 1791 Congress passed a tax on the manufacture and sale of whiskey, a type of alcohol made from grain. An armed mob attacked tax collectors and burned down buildings.

Wars broke out between Britain and France. Washington hoped to remain neutral. This prohibited Americans from fighting in the war. The proclamation also barred French and British warships from American ports

seizing people against their will and forcing them to serve in the military or other public service

Washington sent John Jay, chief justice of the United States, to discuss a solution with the British. the British agreed to withdraw from American soil. There was no mention of impressment or British interference with American trade

gave the Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to trade at New Orleans.

clearly favoring one party or faction

a meeting of members of a political party to choose candidates for upcoming elections

Bribery attempt by the French against American diplomats. President Adams discovered the plan and fought an undeclared war against the French.

allowed the president to imprison aliens. The president could also deport—send out of the country— those thought to be dangerous

states could legally overturn federal laws they thought were unconstitutional.