pain, suffering

bad, difficult, or painful

surgical removal, cutting out

excessive, or increased

deficient, decreased

inflammation

abnormal condition, disease

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

cutting, surgical incision

surgical repair

bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

surgical suturing

flow, or discharge

rupture

abnormal hardening

stomach

blue

red

white

black

grey

small intestine

nerve

tonsils

skull

heart

-ac -eal -ior

-ago -ion

pain

enlargement

abnormal softening

tissue death

abnormal hardening

abnormal narrowing

surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purpose or to remove excess fluid

process of producing a picture or record

picture or record

visual examination

pertaining to the heart

disease of the stomach

study of disease

pain in the stomach

pain in the stomach

inflammation of the stomach

abnormal enlargement of the liver

abnormal softening of the arterial walls

tissue death of artieries

hardening of arterial walls

abnormal narrowing of the arteries

surgical procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen

producing a radio-graphic study of blood vessels

resulting film of the angiography

surgical repair of muscle

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

surgical suturing of a muscle wound

flow of loose or watery stools

rupture of a muscle

pertaining to birth

means birth

before

before birth

surrounding

time and events surrounding birth

away from, negative, absent

toward, to, in the direction of

right side

left side

out of, outside, away from

in, into, not, without

large, abnormal size, or long

small

large, great

scanty, few

after, behind

time and events after birth

good, normal,well, easy

between, among

within, inside

under, less, below

above or excessive

the study of the ear, nose, throat

the study of

larynx or throat

nose

ear

study of ears, and throats

surgical incision for the removal of stone

stone

swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

inflammation of the appendix

bones in the fingers and toes

artery

pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

plaque or fatty substance

fatty deposit within the wall of an artery

joint

means pain in the joint

surgical removal of the appendix

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

surgical incision into the colon

objective evidence of a disease

subjective evidence of a disease

signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

I.D. of disease

figuring out which disease fits the signs and symptoms

prediction of course of disease

rapid onset, severe course, short duration

long term

temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms without curing the disease.

condition of signs and symptoms

disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first

you know what it is.

groove or crack-like sore of the skin

abnormal passage, usually b/w two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body

longest portion of the intestine

hip bone

inflammation of the meninges

meninges

inflammation of the tendons

invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness

fluid, such as pus, that leads our of an infected wound

localized response to an injury

torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut

pathological change of the tissue due disease or injury

specialized membranes that line the body cavities

fluid that is secreted by mucous membranes

fungus

disease caused by fungus

bone marrow or spinal cord

pathological change or disease in the spinal cord

muscle

pathological change or disease of muscle tissue

specialist

specialist in skin disorders

study or disorders in newborns

hands are used to feel texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

pounding or racing heart

renal pelvis

inflammation of the renal pelvis

pus

acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

fever, fire

heartburn

rotating the arm so that the palm is up

formation or discharge of pus

medical screening of patients to determining their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment

wound or injury

pertaining to a virus

having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male

the study of the structure of the body

the study of the functions of the body structures

describes the body standing in the standard position: standing tall, facing forward, arms at the sides with the palms rotated to face forward

an up-and-down plane that is a right angle to the horizon

a vertical plane that divides the body into (unequal) right and left parts

the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (dorsal, back) portions

a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

toward the head

toward the tail

closer to the midline/point of attachment

farther from the midline/point of attachment

toward the midline

toward the side, away from the midline

front, belly side of the organ or body

belly

back of the organ or body

back of the body, opposite of ventral

situated in front

situated behind or at the rear of

uppermost, above, or toward the head

lowermost, below, or toward the feet

contains the cranial and spinal cavities

houses the brain

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

contains heart and lungs; aka chest cavity, thorax

a muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity

contains the major organs of digestion

the space formed by the hip bones; contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

pertaining to the groin

covered by the lower ribs, below the ribs

a person who is abnormally anxious about their health

located above the stomach

region of the navel

located near the hip bones

located below the stomach

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

right upper quadrant (abdomen)

right lower quadrant (abdomen)

left upper quadrant (abdomen)

left lower quadrant (abdomen)

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

pertaining to the wall of a cavity

pertaining to the internal organs

located behind the peritoneum

inflammation of the peritoneum

basic structural and functional units of the body

the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

cell

a specialist in the study and analysis of cells

the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus

formative material of cells

surrounded by the nuclear membrane, the structure within the cell

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

not having a specialized function or structure

having a specialized function or structure

pertaining to the formation of blood cells; also spelled hematopoietic

undifferentiated cells that have the ability to form any adult cell

fertilized ovum, embryo

a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

the study of heredity

producing

a specialist in the field of genetics

a gene that is expressed in the offspring whenever it is present

a gene that is expressed only when it is matched with a similar gene from the other parent

the complete set of genetic information of an organism

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells; contains 46 chromosomes arranged into 23 pairs

reproductive/sex cell (sperm or ovum), contains 23 chromosomes; in a sperm cell, one of these will be either X or Y, and determine the gender of the child.

deoxyribonucleic acid

a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

change within cells of the body, cannot be transmitted

a change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.

a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

a genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration, with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

tissue

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities

supports and connects other tissues and organs

form the joints and framework of the body - bone or cartilage

provides protective padding, insulation, and support

fat

surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

formation, growth

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

backward

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues

a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

the substance produced by a gland

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

out of

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

gland

a mass of gland-like lymphoid tissue at the back of the upper pharynx

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

cancerous

tumor, mass

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

deadly, harmful

nonthreatening, harmless

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

abnormal softening of a gland

any disease or condition of a gland

abnormal hardening of a gland

surgical removal of a gland

abnormal softening

surgical removal

study of disease

a physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis

the study of the causes of diseases

cause

disease

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood

the spread of diseases such as measles, cold, and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a nearby person or object

occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze

(fecal-oral transmission) caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present

the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector

a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

people, population

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

all, entire

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

an illness without known cause

peculiar to the individual

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

also known as a birth defect, can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

deviation from what is normal

the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery

caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy; the condition of the baby is characterized by growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties

birth of fetus before 37 weeks of gestation

congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth

the study of the medical problems and care of older people

an examination to determine the cause of death; an autopsy

roles outside of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy

provides ongoing care for patients of all ages

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems

physician specializing in the treatment of babies and children

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

a nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider

a licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician

schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant

performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor's office

medical assistant certified through the American Association of Medical Assistants

reviews patients' medical records and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services provided to each patient based on codes for medical diagnoses, equipment, and procedures

focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions

doctor who specializes in high-acuity medicine in the ER

a licensed health care professional who works in a variety of health care settings

licensed practical nurse

works under the supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care

licensed medical professional who dispenses prescribed medication to patients

provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients

physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients

provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care

provides nursing care for lower-acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continued drug therapy or monitoring

the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

frozen shoulder, painful ankylosis of the shoulder

little box

stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly

fluid-filled sac behind the knee

inflammation of a bursa

bursa

abnormal softening of cartilage

cartilage

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

rib

bunion, abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

blood within a joint

blood

joint

abnormal condition or disease

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

many

injury to a ligament

inflammation of synovial membrane

synovial membrane

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

partial dislocation

wear-and-tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging

bone

breaking down or impairment of a body part

bone spurs form edges on the joint surfaces

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

progressive stiffening of a joint or joints

an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

pain of the lumbar region of the spine

diseased condition

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

slipping

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

spine

split

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

hump

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

bent backward

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

without

blood vessel

tissue death

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

skull, cranium

abnormal narrowing

inflammation of the bone

abnormal softening of bones in adults

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

inflammation of the periosteum

surrounding

a deficiency disease occurring in children

a condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length

a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

a tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib

describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

tumor

harmless

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

thinner than average bone density

deficiency

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

usually caused by a weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall

broken bone

bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin

bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

bone is bent and only partially broken

occurs at an angle across the bone

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact

occurs straight across the bone

forms when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

bulging deposit around the area of a bone fracture that may eventually become bone

x-ray

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

instrument used to look into a joint

a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test

the use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow

used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints

used to determine losses or changes in bone density

a screening test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient to stimulate blood cell production

uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling

originating within another

the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleansed, treated, and then stored before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed

originating within an individual

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

surgical fusion of a joint

surgical fusion of a joint

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

loosening, setting free; breaking down, destruction

a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

the surgical repair of damaged cartilage

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

surgical repair (or replacement of) a joint

performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk

performed through the skin

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra

lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)

a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together (fusing) two or more vertebrae

to join together

the surgical removal of a portion of the skull

the amount of pressure inside the skull

incision into the skull

surgical repair of the skull

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

to break; surgical fracture

surgical removal of bone

the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

surgical cutting of bone

an incision through the periosteum to the bone

the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation

surgical realignment of broken bone ends

the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast

a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place (ORIF)

ORIF, surgical alignment of fractured bones using screws, pins, wires, or nails to maintain bone alignment

bone density testing

closed reduction

fracture

osteoarthritis

osteoporosis

partial knee replacement

polymyalgia rheumatica

rheumatoid arthritis

total hip arthroplasty

total knee arthroplasty

4 word roots for bone

spinal cord, bone marrow

connects bones

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

bursa

crooked, bent, stiff

cartilage

to bind, tie together

bent, hump

curve, swayback, bent

curved, bent

hip socket; large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

the five bones of the palm of the hand

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

26 small bones that make up your backbone

fiber, fibrous tissue

straight

lighted instrument for visual examination

joined together

process of bone formation

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

bone building cells

the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body

shaft of a long bone

end of the bone located farthest away from the midline

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

dense, hard tissue that acts as outer shell, 3/4 of skeleton

porous, sponge-like

the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored

tissue that lines the medullary cavity

blood, relating to the blood

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells

the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints

the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints

ends of long bone

an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

joints, where bones meet

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

immovable joints

soft spots normally present on the skull of a newborn

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis

created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

hip and shoulder joints; allow a wide range of movement

knee and elbow joints; synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems; divided into five parts

cranium, ossicles, hyoid, rib cage, vertebral column

makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction (divided into upper and lower extremities)

shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands

hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

any body part attached to a main structure

the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg

protects the brain, made up of eight bones

anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead

form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

back part of the skull, base of the cranium

form the sides and base of the cranium

the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear

external opening of a canal

an irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull

light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose

the bony socket that surrounds and protects each eyeball

middle ear bones

form the bridge of the nose

known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone (forehead)

form most of the upper jaw

form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

make up part of the orbit (socket of the eye) at the inner angle

the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

forms the base for the nasal septum

a wall of cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two equal sections

jawbone, only movable bone of the skull

joint that attaches the jawbone to the skull

rib cage

ribs; attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

1-7, attach anteriorly to the sternum

8-12, attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum

11-12, attached only posteriorly to the vertebrae

flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

clavicle, scapula, acromion; supports the arms and hands

the collar bone, a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

shoulder blade

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

bone of the upper arm

the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm; runs up the thumb side of the forearm

the larger and longer bone of the forearm; proximal end articulates with the distal end of the humerus to form the elbow joint

(funny bone) large projection on the upper end of the ulna; forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck

wrist bones

14 finger bones

protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body

anterior portion of the vertebra is solid to provide strength

the posterior portion of the vertebra; the transverse and spinous processes extend from this area and serve as attachments for muscles and tendons

the opening in the middle of the vertebra, through which the spinal cord runs

pads of flexible fibrocartilage that cushion between each vertebra

C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck

T1-T12; second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

L1-L5, third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

the slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back

forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together

hip bone; protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities

the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

sacrum

ilium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

anterior portion of the pelvic bone

thigh bones; largest bones in the body

articulates with the acetabulum

the narrow area just below the head of the femur

kneecap

the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

shinbone, larger anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of tibia and fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus.

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

ankle bone, articulates with tibia and fibula

heel bone

specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

a physician who uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation

foot

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues

the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

frozen shoulder, painful ankylosis of the shoulder

little box

an alternative to removing the head of the femur. Function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of the femur to allow it to move smoothly over a metal lining in the acetabulum.

replacement of a worn or failed implant