A person who uses observations and a systematic method to study the physical world and how everything works
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A logical, systematic approach that involves observing and testing to gain knowledge.
11
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A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon. An educated guess.
12
30 sec
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Changing only one variable at a time in an experiment.
13
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Q.
an observation made using your five senses. It also uses NO numbers.
14
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An observation that describes using numbers or measurements.
15
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an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as mineral samples or animal or plant cells, typically magnified several hundred times.
16
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Magnifies the specimen
17
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the lens you look through on a microscope, magnifies the object 10x
18
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a devout christian, Mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form. Said hot mass cools at a constant rate. helped develop the transatlantic cable.
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Metric: Length
20
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Q.
Basic unit of volume in the metric system
21
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Q.
Metric: Weight
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Used to determine the hardness of a mineral
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Q.
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
24
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Q.
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
25
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Q.
SI unit for force
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A term used in the English System to measure mass
27
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the base English unit for weight
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A customary unit of weight. 16 ounces equal 1 pound
29
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Q.
Matter is neither created nor destroyed
30
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
31
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Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed, they can only change form.
32
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Amount of space occupied by an object
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The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not.
34
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method used to find the volume of irregular shaped objects
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Measuring volume by measuring the water overflows when an object is placed in a completely full container
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
41
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describe how substance will interact with other substances: flammability, radioactivity, sensitivity to light, oxidation, toxicity.
42
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In this state of matter the particles are tightly linked together. They vibrate. The colder it gets the closer together the molecules get and the less they vibrate. This state of matter holds its own shape.
43
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The energy of motion
44
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A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
45
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Q.
A form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape.
46
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Q.
A change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
47
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Q.
Solid to liquid
48
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The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
49
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Q.
To change from a liquid to a gas
50
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Q.
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
51
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Q.
To change from a gas to a liquid
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Q.
When a liquid has turned into a solid
53
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(chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
54
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A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
55
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A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
56
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A liquid's resistance to flow
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results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object; due to collisions of gas particles with the object
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Force exerted by the weight of the air
59
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Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
60
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Q.
If temperature is kept constant, then as pressure increases, volume decreases
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the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases
62
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Q.
Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691) was a Christian who defended God to Scientists and supported missionaries and supported translating to book of Acts into several languages.
63
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The process of grouping things based on their similarities
64
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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
65
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A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
66
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(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)
Chemist in London in the early 1800s who identified 3 major components of food - carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Studied urine, first to discover that there is hydrochloric acid in stomachs, also researched kidney stones, discovered composition of urea
71
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A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
72
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THE MOST COMMON FORM OF SOLID MATERIAL FOUND IN THE EARTH'S CRUST.
73
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minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements
74
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Minerals that contain combinations of Carbon and Oxygen. Used in cement, building stones and fireworks.
75
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contain a halogen element and one or more other elements
76
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A type of mineral in which metals are combined with sulfur
77
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Compounds that contain the element phosphorus and oxygen
78
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Compounds formed when oxygen combines with another element (i.e. rust)
79
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A mineral with only one kind of element
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A mineral that is composed of only one element.
81
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a substance (water) that dissolves more solutes than any other substance
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to filter gradually through a porous surface or substance
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Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
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A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
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A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
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not able to dissolve.
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A technique used to separate a liquid from a solid by gently pouring the liquid from one container to another, leaving the solid in the original container.
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A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points
89
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A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.
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device to separate substances by spinning them at high speed
91
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Separation of many substances in a mixture by heating, using the fact that they have different boiling points.
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A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.
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The mechanical process that keeps milk from separating. This process breaks up the fat molecules into tiny bundles so they stay suspended in the liquid of the milk instead of floating to the top.
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A liquid with air trapped inside
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a soft, white substance formed when milk sours, used as the basis for cheese
96
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watery part of milk left after separation of curd in cheese making
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A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body
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A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
99
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Substance being dissolved
100
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A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
101
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A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other
105
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A mixture containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed
106
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An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend.
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See image
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A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.
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the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas over the liquid.
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Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
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A dissolved substance that comes out of a solution due to either a change in temperature or volume
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To make a liquid less concentrated
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Describes a solution that has a relatively large amount of dissolved solute
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A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
115
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The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample.
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A material's ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow.
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The settling of substances at the bottom of a liquid
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Water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.
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Scaly deposits formed by precipitation of calcium and magnesium.
120
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a tank that uses ion exchange to eliminate hard water
121
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Class of nutrients that includes sugars and starches
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A category of essential nutrient; a compound made of amino acids.
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Also known as lipids, fats are an essential nutrient composed of fatty acids and used for energy and other body functions
124
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Allowing light to pass through
125
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A compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base
126
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Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
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A food calorie is equal to 1,000 metric calories
128
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an insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes
129
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something used or added to foods to keep or slow them from spoiling
130
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Chemicals used to prevent reaction of food with oxygen
131
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Increases the way you perceive the food's flavor without changing the actual flavor of the prepared dish.
132
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Federal agency formed in 1913 that approves all foods and drugs for sale in the US.
133
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Chemical action of yeast on sugars which produces carbon dioxide gas
134
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An elastic substance, formed from proteins present in wheat flours, that gives structure and strength to baked goods.
135
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Starch formed from long rigid chains of glucose that are bound tightly together.
136
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Starch molecules that are smaller and easier to digest.
137
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The sharing of valence electrons between different atoms to help the atoms get full valence rings with 8 electrons
138
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A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
139
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A group of atoms bonded together
140
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A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms
141
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a chemical bond in which a metal atom loses an electron to form a positive cation and a nonmetal atom gains an electron to form a negative anion
142
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A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons
143
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A charged atom
144
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A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent the events in a compound
145
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The electrons in the outermost energy level that determine how an atom will react with other atoms
146
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a description of a molecule that shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms
147
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a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols
148
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the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
149
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A starting material in a chemical reaction
150
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The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
151
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organizes elements by their properties
152
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repeating chemical and physical properties change in a repeating pattern with the elements' atomic numbers
153
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vertical column on the Periodic Table of Elements; members share chemical and physical properties; share the number of valence electrons
154
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a horizontal row of elements on the Periodic Table of Elements; whose physical and chemical properties repeat in a pattern (conductivity and reactivity change gradually as you move from left to right)
155
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elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, shiny; located on the left side of the staircase
156
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elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, dull; located on the right side of the staircase
157
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elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; located on the staircase
158
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element that occurs somewhere on Earth
159
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element that is made in laboratories; elements with an atomic number equal to or higher than 95
160
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elements that give off particles
161
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most reactive metals; 1 valence electron; group 1
162
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2 valence electrons; group 2
163
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1 to 2 valence electrons; group 3-12
164
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3 valence electrons; group 13
165
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4 valence electrons; group 14
166
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5 valence electrons; group 15
167
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6 valence electrons; group 16
168
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most reactive nonmetals; 7 valence electrons; group 17
169
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nonreactive; 2 or 8 valence electrons; group 18
170
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top special row; part of the Transition Metals
171
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bottom special row; part of the Transition Metals
172
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equals the number of protons and is the property for organization of the periodic table (PT)
173
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equals the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
174
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one or two letters representing the element- first is capital/second is lower case
175
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small particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom
176
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small particle with a positive charge in a nucleus of an atom
177
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small particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
178
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an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom that determines the atoms chemical properties
179
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A one- or two-letter representation of an element
180
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Q.
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
181
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Q.
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called family
182
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Basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
183
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The central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons
184
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A region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found
185
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
186
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Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
187
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Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
188
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A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
189
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The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
190
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A property of metals; can be rolled or hammered into sheets
191
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A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire
192
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The ability of an object to transfer heat
193
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The ability of an object to carry electric current
194
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A chemical property that describes how likely an element is to form bonds with or reacts with other elements.
195
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Q.
Deterioration of a material due to interaction with its environment.
196
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Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
197
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Group 2 of the periodic table; includes the metallic beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.
198
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Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alsali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density
199
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The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
200
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Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
201
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A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element
202
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Highly reactive nonmetals found in family/group 17.
203
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Q.
Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)
204
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Are element with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals
205
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Alkali metals.
206
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Alkaline earth metals
207
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transition metals
208
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Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
209
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brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity
210
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A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties.
211
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pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
212
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Q.
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
213
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horizontal rows on the periodic table
214
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vertical columns on the periodic table that have common properties
215
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shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors
216
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Q.
able to be hammered into thin sheets
217
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Q.
can be pulled into long wires
218
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Q.
the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
219
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the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds
220
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Q.
very reactive, not found alone in nature, react violently with water
221
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hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples
222
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most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold
223
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the first period below the periodic table, they are mixed with more common metals to form alloys
224
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a mixture of a metal with at least one other element- strengthens the structure
225
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the period below lanthanides, very unstable
226
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not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92
227
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discovered the electron
228
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discovered that electrons follow an orbit/shell
229
30 sec
Q.
discovered the neutron
230
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discovered the proton
231
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discovered that atoms of the same element have the same mass
232
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the sharing of electrons
233
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the transfer of electrons
234
30 sec
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forms when an atom loses or gains an electron
235
30 sec
Q.
the protons remain the same as the atomic number, but the neutrons do not
236
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Q.
created one of the first periodic tables by using atomic mass
237
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Anything that has mass and has volume (takes up space)
238
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A measure of how much matter is in an object
239
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Q.
Characteristics of matter that helps identify or classify matter
240
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The ability or tendency to float in water, air or some other fluid
241
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The ability to bend or be molded into a different shape
The branch of science that studies the nature and properties of matter and energy
245
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The amount of space that matter occupies
246
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Q.
To replace matter with another kind of matter or to move matter
247
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The measurement of how much mass is in a certain in a given volume
248
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Q.
A gentle sheen of soft glow
249
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The ability of a material to be hammered thin or stretched into wire without breaking
250
30 sec
Q.
The process scientist use to conduct an investigation/experiment
251
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An act of noting and recording what you hear, touch, taste, smell and see
252
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A statement of what will cause an effect
253
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A general statement about what happened during the experiment
254
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The tiny particles that make up matter and the smallest unit of an element
255
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A measure of how much matter is in an object
256
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Q.
Occurs when matter has changed in size, shape, or state of matter but not identity
257
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Q.
When matter has changed from one substance to another (changing the identity)
258
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In this state of matter the particles are tightly linked together. They vibrate. The colder it gets the closer together the molecules get and the less they vibrate. This state of matter holds its own shape.
259
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In this state of matter the molecules are loosely linked. They move more slowly. As it gets warmer they spread out. If it cools they get closer together. This state of matter takes the shape of its container.
260
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Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; has particles that move at high speeds in all directions.
261
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A liquid that doesn't always behave like other liquids. We used cornstarch to make it in class.
262
30 sec
Q.
The thickness, or resistance to flow, of a liquid
263
30 sec
Q.
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.
264
30 sec
Q.
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.
265
30 sec
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The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
266
30 sec
Q.
The temperature that makes a gas turn into a liquid.
267
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Q.
Like and invisible "skin" that is formed because water molecules have special bonds that hold them together.
268
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Changing from a liquid to a gaseous vapor. When water is heated it forms a white mist of minute water droplets in the air (steam).
an estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value
275
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standard quantities used to specify measurements
276
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Q.
a system of measurement based on the number 10; accepted system for science
277
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Q.
Meters (m)
278
30 sec
Q.
Grams (g)
279
30 sec
Q.
Degrees Celcius (degree C)
280
30 sec
Q.
Liters (L)
281
30 sec
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Seconds (s)
282
30 sec
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k; thousand; 10^3
283
30 sec
Q.
d; tenth; 10^-1
284
30 sec
Q.
c; hundreth; 10^-2
285
30 sec
Q.
m; thousandth; 10^-3
286
30 sec
Q.
millionth; 10^-6
287
30 sec
Q.
n; billionth; 10^-9
288
30 sec
Q.
A system of scientific measurement used worldwide and based on metric system standards of measurement
289
30 sec
Q.
a metric system standard of measure for mass
290
30 sec
Q.
base standard measure of volume in the SI system
291
30 sec
Q.
system of measurement based on multiples of ten
292
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Q.
g/ml ; kg/L ; mg/ml etc. (mass per unit volume)
293
30 sec
Q.
all of the numbers in a measurement which are known plus one which is estimated
294
30 sec
Q.
a method of writing very large or very small numbers using exponents with base 10
295
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Q.
how close a measured value is to the TRUE or ACCEPTED value of the quantity being measured
296
30 sec
Q.
how close a set of measurements are to each other
297
30 sec
Q.
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
298
30 sec
Q.
Anything that takes up space and has mass
299
30 sec
Q.
The effect of gravity on mass; differs from earth to space to moon, etc.
300
30 sec
Q.
The amount of space an object occupies; l x w x h
301
30 sec
Q.
The size of a 2-dimensional surface; l x w
302
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A value obtained when performing an experiment; (it's the value YOU obtain or calculate)
303
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Q.
The value determined by many measurements made by reliable sources; would most likely be a published value. (Also called the theoretical value)
304
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Q.
A calculation comparing a value obtained by you to a scientifically accepted, established value
305
30 sec
Q.
A measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of the particles in a sample of matter
306
30 sec
Q.
the branch of science dealing with the study of matter and changes in matter
307
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Q.
a series of steps followed by scientific investigators to answer specific questions about the natural world
308
30 sec
Q.
the lowest temperature theoretically possible; all molecular motion ceases
309
30 sec
Q.
a temperature scale devised so there are no negative temperatures; the lowest temperature is absolute zero
310
30 sec
Q.
observations which do not involve numerical values
311
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Q.
measurements which involve determining a numerical value
312
30 sec
Q.
a basic unit of length in the metric system; length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second
313
30 sec
Q.
The smallest particle of an element that still keeps the properties of an element
314
30 sec
Q.
The atoms that God made (94)
315
30 sec
Q.
Man made elements (25)
316
30 sec
Q.
Contains at least two different elements combined
317
30 sec
Q.
Individuals who mixed lots of stuff together to make new things
318
30 sec
Q.
When atoms are attracted to each other or repelled by each other
319
30 sec
Q.
The positively charged particles in an atom
320
30 sec
Q.
The negatively charged particles in an atom
321
30 sec
Q.
The number of protons an atom has
322
30 sec
Q.
Neutrally charged particles in an atom
323
30 sec
Q.
The center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
324
30 sec
Q.
Together, protons and neutrons
325
30 sec
Q.
The new number of nucleons in an atom
326
30 sec
Q.
The level where the electron spends its time buzzing around the atom
327
30 sec
Q.
The electrons in the very outside energy level
328
30 sec
Q.
The atoms with a different number of neutrons
329
30 sec
Q.
When atoms share electrons equally
330
30 sec
Q.
Does not have the right number of electrons
331
30 sec
Q.
When an atom becomes an ion it forms bonds with other ions
332
30 sec
Q.
If the atom has gained electrons (pronounced an ion)
333
30 sec
Q.
If the atom has lost electrons (pronounced Cat ion)
334
30 sec
Q.
Is the smallest particle of an element that still keeps the properties of that element
335
30 sec
Q.
These elements can be found in nature and were made by God
336
30 sec
Q.
How many naturally occurring elements did God create?
337
30 sec
Q.
Man-made elements ( there are 25)
338
30 sec
Q.
A _____ element contains at least 2 different elements together
339
30 sec
Q.
What they called people who mixed lots of stuff together to make new things in the olden days.
340
30 sec
Q.
When atoms are attracted to each other they want to __________.
341
30 sec
Q.
When atoms are repelled by each other they want to move _______ from each other
342
30 sec
Q.
A ______ is like a sphere or cloud that surrounds the atom and has different levels. Each electron can be found anywhere inside it _____, zipping around the atom
343
30 sec
Q.
What is the difference between orbitals, energy levels, or electron shell?
344
30 sec
Q.
All electrons in the very outside energy level (or electron shell) are called __________.
345
30 sec
Q.
What is the organized information chart of all the elements called?
346
30 sec
Q.
What are the letter(s) on the periodic table called?
347
30 sec
Q.
What does the small number in the top corner of the boxes in periodic table represent?
348
30 sec
Q.
The chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.
349
30 sec
Q.
When atoms share their electrons equally
350
30 sec
Q.
an ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
351
30 sec
Q.
an atom that does not have the right number of electrons
352
30 sec
Q.
is an atom that has gained an elctron
353
30 sec
Q.
3
354
30 sec
Q.
2
355
30 sec
Q.
He
356
30 sec
Q.
2
357
30 sec
Q.
Francium
358
30 sec
Q.
Neon
359
30 sec
Q.
2
360
30 sec
Q.
Iron
361
30 sec
Q.
118.710
362
30 sec
Q.
Ionic bond
363
30 sec
Q.
Ionic and Metallic bond
364
30 sec
Q.
Covalent bond
365
30 sec
Q.
Covalent and Metallic bond
366
30 sec
Q.
Ionic bond
367
30 sec
Q.
Ionic bond
368
30 sec
Q.
Covalent bond
369
30 sec
Q.
Metallic bond
370
30 sec
Q.
Ionic or Metallic bonds
371
30 sec
Q.
Covalent bond
372
30 sec
Q.
When a liquid slowly cools the atoms may line up in specific patterns to form crystals.
373
30 sec
Q.
Earth, air, fire, and water
374
30 sec
Q.
the simplest pure substances, and they cannot be broken down into any other substance (the periodic table); the "building blocks of matter"
375
30 sec
Q.
pure substances made of two or more elements that are chemically combined
376
30 sec
Q.
two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically combined (air, soil, wood, orange juice)
377
30 sec
Q.
the smallest particle of an element; Democritus proposed the idea
378
30 sec
Q.
a well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations
379
30 sec
Q.
electrons orbit the nucleus in certain orbits similar to the way planets orbit the sun
380
30 sec
Q.
electrons can be anywhere in the clouds like region around the nucleus.
381
30 sec
Q.
electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and are held loosely by the nucleus;
382
30 sec
Q.
symbol of an element surrounded by the number of dots that equal the number of valence electrons element has
383
30 sec
Q.
The force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them
384
30 sec
Q.
put together by Russian chemist Dimitri Mendleev; elements are organized into groups with the same number of valence electrons in their atoms
385
30 sec
Q.
typically equals the number of protons in the atom, except if the atom is an ion, it's a negative particle that orbits around the nucleus in different energy levels
386
30 sec
Q.
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
387
30 sec
Q.
A column of elements that have the same number of valence electrons
388
30 sec
Q.
elements in the same horizontal row of the periodic table
389
30 sec
Q.
an atom or group of atoms with with charge
390
30 sec
Q.
an atom that loses an electron and has a positive charge (usually metals)
391
30 sec
Q.
ions that are made of more than one atom and can be positive or negative
392
30 sec
Q.
an atom that gains an electron and has a negative charge (usually nonmetals)
393
30 sec
Q.
A compound that consists of positive and negative ions
394
30 sec
Q.
simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound
