single-party state governed by the Communist Party, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing - the world's most populous country

leader of the Kuomintang - forced to retreat to Taiwan after WW2 by the communists

social-political movement from 1966 through 1976 - Its stated goal was to enforce communism by removing traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society

Mao's second five-year plan - peasants were initially encouraged (and later forced) to form and join collectives and give up their own land

since 1997 a special administrative region of China - formerly a colony of the British Empire since after the First Opium War

movement begun in 1956 within the Mao's government to grant greater freedom of thought and speech - after this brief period of liberalization, Mao changed course and sent many critical intellectuals to labor camps

political party founded by Sun Yat-sen and dominant in China from 1928 until 1949 - since then the official ruling party of Taiwan

military retreat undertaken by the Communists to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army - begin of Mao's ascent to power

Chairman of the Communist Party of China - converted China into a single-party socialist state, with industry and business being nationalized under state ownership and socialist reforms implemented in all areas of society

one of the two special administrative regions of China (like Hong Kong) - Portuguese colony from the mid-16th century until 1999

Northeast China - invaded by the Japanese in 1931 who established a puppet state, called Manchukuo, the occupation lasted until the end of WWII

Japanese a puppet state in China from the early 1930s until the end of WWII - Pu Yi was made the official but powerless ruler

capital of China under the Kuomintang - in 1937, Japan invaded China, and carried out the systematic Nanking massacre

last Chinese emperor, born 1906 / died in 1967

the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 (also called the "Manchu Dynasty")

"the other China" - island where the Kuomintang relocated to following the Chinese Civil War

a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region

a factor that draws or attracts people to another location

a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned.

a woman who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives

Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong.

Qing ruler in the last half of the 19th century