Combining religious systems (Romans bringing other gods into their pantheon)

Roman belief that their gods might be worshipped by other tribes and by a different name

the practice in ancient Rome of offering sacrifice to the Emperor to express loyalty to him and Rome

heresy that renounced all jewish influence, including the OT

2nd century heresy (The New Prophets). Believed they had special revelation from the Holy Spirit, practiced strict lifestyle, incorrectly predicted Jesus return

A group of heretical religious movements that claimed salvation comes from secret knowledge available only to the elite initiated in that religion

Martyred by wild animals, possible disciple of John, wrote letters to the churches

an early Christian martyr who refused to blaspheme God, disciple of the Apostle John

One of the earliest "apologists," he wrote two apologies to Emperor Antoninus Pius

Christian slave girl martyred by her faith, along with her master

wrote against Gnosticism in his work Against All Heresies

Author and apologist, said that "blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church"

Christian martyr (one who was killed for their beliefs) from Carthage. Educated and wealthy, she died being fed to leopards.

A household slave who was eight months pregnant and after giving birth was martyred by the Roman authorities

wrote the first book of systematic theology in the early church

Father of monasticism, leader of Christian monks in the Egyptian desert, biography of his life helped spread the concept of monasticism (270 AD)

Pagan convert, missionary to Cappadocia, known as the "wonder worker"

early "house church" for Christian worship

Catechetical institution, according to tradition was founded by John Mark

First organized, empire-wide persecution of Christians, required oath of allegiance and certificate of sacrifice

Group refused to readmit to communion those who had denied the faith or lapsed

Dualistic religion with pagan, Gnostic, and Christian elements.

A heresy developed in the late third century that denied Christ's full divinity, stating that Christ was a created being who was superior to human beings but inferior to God.

issued by Constantine in 313, ended the "great persecution" and legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire

Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)

(325 CE) A council called by Constantine to deal with the Arian Heresy and settle some disputes of the time.

(354 - 430) Bishop of Hippo who wrote Confessions and City of God, which formed the basis for the doctrine of man's salvation by divine grace for the church.

Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397; one of the leading teachers of the Christian church; established Christian authority over Theodosius the Great

380, when Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of Rome

(509-604) first Pope to assume the title "Servant of the Servants of God"; introduced the Gregorian Chant; reformed liturgy; secured the position of the papacy; advanced missionary activity in Europe

Grant of land ("papal states") and temporal authority to the Pope

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine (Orthodox) churches that occurred in 1054

Conflict between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over who had the right to give bishops their authority

First European king to unite the Franks and accept Christianity

Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe.

An important scholar and cleric appointed by Charlemagne to oversee the school established at his court in Aachen. He emphasized the liberal arts education, dividing education at 'palace school' into Trivium and Quadrivium

Pope who led the Church at the height of its power in the Middle Ages

Heretical sect, also called the "Cathars", condemned for their Gnostic teachings and rejection of key Scriptural doctrines

In the Sacrament of the Eucharist, this is the name given to the action of changing the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ.

800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe

A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful.

supported the use of icons; his reasoning was that Christ was an "icon" of the holy spirit, therefore to deny icons is to deny Christ

Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic.

Abbess of a religious house in Western Germany; one of first important women composers and contributor to Gregorian chant; had visions and was mystic and prophet to kings, popes, emperors, priests

a Cistercian monk who wrote and preached extensively on the spiritual life

Thought the commoner should be able to preach; voluntarily poverty

Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick.

(Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology

the period of Church history from 1308 to 1378 when the popes lived and ruled in Avignon, France instead of in Rome

strange period of history with three "popes"

(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope.

Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society

An English professor who believed that everyone should be able to interpret the Bible. He translated the Bible to English which led for his arrest. However, he escaped and continued to translate the Bible. He was eventually executed.

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening.

Presbyterian minister who is credited and is known as the "Father of modern Revivalism"; advocated the abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans

English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791)

A self-educated farmer from New York. Convinced from his studies that Christ will return in 1843, from his studies of the Scriptures.

Millerite who set the date of October 22, 1844 as Jesus' second coming.

Former sea captain, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist church

First Officially appointed Adventist Missionary, Switzerland

While walking through his fields was convicted that Jesus had entered the Most Holy place of the heavenly sanctuary on October 22, 1844

Inventor of the corn flake, he espoused the importance of healthy diets. Dr. Kellogg established the Battle Creek Mental Institution to put his ideas about diet and health into practice.

Editor of The Review for over 50 years and wrote Daniel and the Revelation

Prolific author and prophetess associated with the beginnings of Seventh Day Adventism