The first major battle of the Civil War; won by the Confederacy.

Jackson, with a scant fighting force of less than 15,000 Confederates, ranged up and down Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, defeating two separate armies.

Name for the major Union force deployed near Washington, commanded by General McClellan during the Civil War.

The main Confederate army led for most of the war by Robert E. Lee, it fought in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania before surrendering at Appomattox Court House in April 1865

Week-long fighting in which Confederates led by Lee turned back the Union effort to take Richmond

(a.k.a. Second Bull Run) Pope's Union army was sent reeling back to Washington and Lee had practically driven all Federal troops from Virginia

Bloodiest day of Civil War, 20,000 casualties; technically a union victory but in reality a draw

The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally killed here by one of his own men.

Turning point in the Civil War, Union victory, most deadly battle

(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights

July 4, 1863 Vicksburg surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. It was one of the last cities on the Mississippi River to be Confederate.

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant's and Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.

Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.

a 9-month long siege between Lee and Grant that ultimately opened the way for Grant's capture of Richmond

Battle of ironclads; fought to a tie

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

General of the Union Army

general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

July 1863 just after the Battle at Gettysburg. Mobs of Irish working-class men and women roamed the streets for four days until federal troops suppressed them. They loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a war on behalf of slaves who, once freed, would compete with them for jobs.

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in "the march to the sea." He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.

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