peasant farmers and unskilled laborers

belief in many gods

gods

Government ruled by a divine figure, religion is the source of government authority

Northern Egypt

Pharaoh

Belief in one god

by using feudalism

using his relationship theory and code of proper conduct

Huang He

teachings of Confucius

China's golden age, invention of paper and gun powder

Confucius

respect for parents and elders

Great Wall of China

Sparta

Athens

Athens

Conquered the Persian Empire, Spread Greek Culture

Trojan War

Iliad and Odyssey

Sparta

fortified hilltop where government decisions were made

Socrates

rule by a small group of land owning nobels

Blending of Greek, Egyptian, and Persian culture

complex organized social order

Farming

City-states

Bodies of water, rivers

Invention of writing

Sumer, Egypt, Indus, Shang. Tigress and Euphrates, Nile, Indus, Yellow River

Nomadic, made tools and weapons out of stone and bones

Led to the development of villages and civilization

an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began

A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes

Direct Democracy

See image

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority

an ancient city in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River

A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler

A classical civilization which contributed the idea of a centralized government, bureaucracy. Place where Hinduism and Buddhism grew originally

centered around Huang He River; large population; isolated

first written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey.

Prepared a code of law that was said to be written in blood, harsh excessive puninshments

A collection of laws that reflected Christian values, basis of civil law

Largest land empire in the history of the world, spanning from Eastern Europe across Asia.

the Muslim empire established in India

Chinese mariners traveled a lot, Zeng He; reknown for their porcelin

Middle America

a member of a South American Indian people living in the central Andes before the Spanish conquest.

persian religion, believed in good and evil and an afterlife based on life choices

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning

any of the hereditary social classes in Hindu society; social stratification

eyewitness accounts of history. They include letters, diaries, speeches, and interviews.

records that explain or interpret primary sources

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

A maritime people who spread their alphabet to others including the Hebrews, Romans, and Greeks.

the first period of the Stone Age, called the Old Stone Age, from about 2 million years ago to around 8000 B.C.E.

"New Stone Age"; About 10,000 years ago marked by advances in the production of stone tools. Shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture

civilization from 2600 BC-1900 BC; entire Indian subcontinent-peninsula; possibly had twin capitals called Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro; well organized government

Egypt and Sudan; fertile land and ruled by pharaohs or god-kings under a polytheistic belief

This term refers to a series of civilizations (dynasties) that emerged from the Huang He. The hued river gets its name from the loess soil that blows in from the north and Mongolia. Its regular flooding has earned the river the nickname of China's Sorrow due to the amount of people who have perished over the centuries.

the civilization that developed around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 3500 BC/BCE

Legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor were equal under the law; it harshly punished criminals sentencing death for most crimes; upheld the practice of debt slavery; considered the first step toward Athenian democracy

was a set of Roman laws that were the main part of their constitution and the foundation for the Roman law code

People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.

ruled most of India and Pakistan ispread Islam and Persian arts and culture as well as the faith, ruled a country with a large Hindu majority.

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.

the world's first republic Location was where the present day country of country of Italy is. famous for their arches in architecture and the solidly built roads.

Often associated with a Golden Age of classical India. The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta. restored Hinduism Developed Decimal system & Arabic number system

City founded as the second capital of the Roman Empire; later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire

Traded with caravans and camels across Sahara. Controlled gold: enforcing law that only kings could own gold nuggets and kept location of gold mines secret.

Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire fConstantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans

empire of Western African. trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa, a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well.

An Islamic west African empire that conquered Mali, involved in the gold-salt trade fell to a Moroccan invasion

A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato

Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth

(430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection.

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

a government that is run and controlled by a SMALL ELITE GROUP of people

A government ruled by a king or queen through inheritance