A government ruled by law and elections (even ruler has to follow laws)

Emperor who legalized Christianity, renamed Byzantium Constantinople

Tests to make sure government workers are qualified for their job

Trade route from China to Europe that exchanged ideas, goods, religion, and technology. Led to cultural interaction across Eurasia.

5 rules of Muslim life: Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage to Mecca.

Belief in one god.

Originated in Middle East and spread after the Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth; became Rome's official religion through spread by Pax Romana

Laws of Rome, simplified to just 12 tablets

Gave Rome water throughout Empire

Rich landowners of Rome who held political positions

Poor of Rome

Political institution of Roman Republic where patricians made laws

His death led to the fall of the Roman Republic and rise of Roman Empire.

"Roman Peace" 27 BCE to 180 CE of stability that allowed for free trade throughout Empire without war.

Written Laws

An extensive group of countries or regions under a single, supreme authority.

Language of Rome; today language of the learned and Romance languages

Northern Europeans that overtook Rome and led to the decline of Europe in the Middle Age.

Long term cause of the fall of Rome

All citizens were required to serve to expand the empire; once this became weak; long term cause of the fall of Rome.

Greek politician during Athens' Golden Age- build empire, glorify Athens, and expand democracy.

A government ruled by the people.

Heart of Ancient Greek Empire; home to Acropolis, Parthenon, and Democracy.

Militaristic city-state in Ancient Greece, trained all citizens to be soldiers.

Created a version of the modern alphabet and known for their control of the Mediterranean with boats.

Conquered the Greeks, Persians, Egyptians, and made it to India. Empire lasted less than 30 years.

Law code for Ancient Greece

Combination of Greek, Egyptian, Indian, and Persian culture from Alexander the Great's empire; it's lasting effect.

A legally recognized subject of a nation or state with certain rights and responsibilities.

A city that has its own independent government.

Love of wisdom, famous because of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle's ideas

used for trade by Greece and Phonecians

connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.

Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism

period of great cultural achievement