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Computers & Technology
Quiz by Magdalena Wójcik
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POHS Ch.18 Computers and TechnologyEl almuerzo lunch la clase the class la clase de ____ the class of ____ el arte art el espaĂąol Spanish las ciencias (naturales) science las ciencias sociales social studies la educaciĂłn fĂsica physical education el inglĂŠs English las matemĂĄticas mathematics la tecnologĂa technology/computers el horario schedule en la . . . hora in the . . . hour (class period) la tarea the homework enseĂąar to teach estudiar to study hablar to talk primer/o/a first segundo/a second tercer/o/a third cuarto/a fourth quinto/a fifth sexto/a sixth sĂŠptimo/a seventh octavo/a eighth noveno/a ninth dĂŠcimo/a tenth yo hablo I speak tĂş hablas you speak ĂŠl/ella/Usted habla he/she/it speaks nosotros hablamos we speak vosotros hablĂĄis you guys speak ellos/ellas/Ustedes hablan they speak / you guys speak nosotros we yo I nosotras we (the girls) tĂş you vosotros you all usted (Ud.) you vosotras you girls ustedes (Uds.) you all (formal) ĂŠl he ellos they ella she ellas they (the girls) la calculadora calculator la carpeta de argollas three-ring binder el diccionario dictionary (yo) necesito I need (tĂş) necesitas you need aburrido/a boring difĂcil difficult divertido/a amusing, fun fĂĄcil easy favorito/a favorite interesante interesting prĂĄctico/a practical mĂĄs . . . que more . . . than a ver . . . Let's see ÂżQuiĂŠn? Who? para for mucho a lot (yo) tengo I have (tĂş) tienes you haveArtificial Intelligence â Technology that allows computers to think and learn like humans. Copyright â A law that protects a person's creative work from being copied without permission. Mandatory â Something that must be done; required by law or rules. Scribe â A person whose job is to write or copy documents, especially in ancient times. Priest â A person who leads religious ceremonies and services. Craftsman â Someone skilled at making things by hand, like pottery or furniture. Merchant â A person who buys and sells goods, often in a market. Innovative â Introducing new ideas or ways of doing things. Mummification â The ancient process of preserving a dead body by drying and wrapping it. Sarcophagus â A stone coffin, often decorated, used in ancient times to hold a dead body.Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The programme works because everyoneâs eyes are different. So in the future you wonât have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bank. Youâll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are. The eye-recognitionďźčŻĺŤďźprogramme is already being tested in shops and banks in the USA, Britain, Spain, Italy and Turkey. Soon, this technology will take the place of all other ways of finding out who people are. However, scientists are working on other systems. Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your finger. Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes donât change as you get older, or get dirty like hands or fingers. And even twins have different eyes, so the programme can be up to 94ďź
correct, depending on how good the technology is. Some programmes may only be right 51ďź
of the time. In Britain, it was found that 91ďź
of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition. In the future your computer will be looking at you in the eye. So smile!Computers have completely changed the way we live, learn, and work. We now live in the Information Age, a time when finding and sharing information is easier than ever before. With just a few clicks, we can learn about history, science, cooking, or almost anything we want. However, using computers too much can have negative effects, especially on our brains. Some studies show that peopleâs attention span is getting shorter because they are used to quick information. It can also be harder to remember things when we always rely on our phones instead of thinking deeply for ourselves. To keep your brain strong and healthy, it is important to take regular breaks from screens. Reading books, going for walks, and having face-to-face conversations can help. Technology is a wonderful tool, but itâs important to use it wisely and not let it replace real-world experiences.Empowerment Technologies: Navigating the Digital World I. Introduction to ICT (Information and Communication Technology) ⢠Definition and Importance of ICT in daily life, education, and business ⢠Evolution from Web 1.0 (static web) to Web 2.0 (interactive and collaborative web) ⢠Examples of ICT tools: computers, smartphones, cloud apps, internet ________________________________________ II. Web 2.0 and Online Platforms ⢠Features of Web 2.0: user-generated content, social media, blogs, wikis ⢠Difference between Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 (basic intro) ⢠Examples: Facebook, YouTube, Google Docs, Wikipedia ________________________________________ III. Online Etiquette and Digital Citizenship ⢠Netiquette: responsible behavior online o Be respectful and polite in digital communication o Avoid flaming, spamming, and trolling ⢠Importance of digital footprint and online reputation ________________________________________ IV. Online Safety, Security, and Privacy ⢠Cyber threats: phishing, malware, identity theft ⢠Tips to stay safe online: o Use strong passwords o Avoid clicking suspicious links or emails o Enable privacy settings on social platforms ⢠Digital addiction: recognizing and managing screen time ________________________________________ V. Productivity Tools and Applications ⢠Common productivity software: o Word processors: MS Word, Google Docs o Spreadsheets: MS Excel, Google Sheets o Presentation tools: MS PowerPoint, Canva, Google Slides ⢠Cloud computing: accessing tools and files via the internet (e.g., Google Drive) ________________________________________ VI. Open-Source and Licensing ⢠Understanding open-source software: free to use, modify, and distribute o Examples: LibreOffice, GIMP, Moodle ⢠Creative Commons licenses: o Allows creators to share work legally o Different license types (BY, SA, NC, ND) ________________________________________ VII. The Digital Divide ⢠Definition: the gap between individuals who have access to technology and those who do not ⢠Causes: economic status, geography, infrastructure ⢠Importance of digital literacy and inclusionMatch the word to its synonym level B1 CEFR. Use the vocabulary exactly adverb precisely except that aside from exist verb to be real existing adjective real, current Example: Flying cars are not practical with existing technology. existence noun reality Example: The existence of black holes has been confirmed by indirect observation. extraordinary adjective unusual feature noun important part of something Example: The Ramon Crater is a unique feature of the Negev Desert. feedback noun reaction figure noun shape Example: I canât tell if that figure in the shadows is a man or a woman. figure out verb understand Example: I just canât figure out how the magician did that amazing trick. financial adjective related to money Example: Her family is having financial problems so they canât travel overseas this year. finance verb pay for Example: If I canât get a loan from the bank, I wonât be able to finance a new apartment. finance noun money Example: An expert in finance predicts a global recession. finding/findings noun discoveries; results of a study Example: According to the findings of the police investigation, this is the gun which fired the fatal bullet. flexibility noun willingness to change flexible adjective adjusts easily Example: Iâd prefer to meet on Monday morning but I can be flexible depending upon your schedule. flood noun a lot of water flood verb to cover with too much water flu noun type of sickness focus on/upon verb pay attention to Example: You should focus on your schoolwork if you want to improve your grades. focus noun attention People with attention deficit disorder lose focus easily. frequency noun how often frequent adjective very often Example: Hanah is a frequent customer and everyone at the store knows her. fresh adjective new Example: We need some fresh ideas if weâre going to solve this problem. frighten verb scare from preposition position, starting point gain verb make an increase, profit, earn Example: I have nothing to gain by choosing sides so I shall remain neutral. gain noun profit, amount earned generate verb create, make Example: Chat GPT can generate text written in any style you choose. guidance noun help, advice hopeful adjective optimistic, having a positive outlook Example: The farmers are hopeful that we will have rain this winter. hopefully adjective with luck ideal adjective best, most preferable Example: Nuclear power may not be an ideal solution to global warming, but itâs certainly worth considering. illness noun sickness, disease illustrate verb draw pictures illustration noun picture, image Example: Childrenâs storybooks have colorful illustrations. image noun picture, especially on film or television Example: The mother of the pop singer cried when she first saw her daughterâs image on television. in preposition within, inside, into in terms of regarding Example: That company makes a great product but theyâre lacking in terms of customer service. in actual fact in truth Example: The mayor says the city is a safe place to live, but in actual fact the violent crime rate is very high. in connection with about Example: Police arrested four men in connection with the robbery. in that case if that is true Example: Billy Bob: âTraffic could be heavy tomorrow.â Peggy Sue: âIn that case, we better leave early.â in the meantime while, during Example: The new computers wonât arrive until next week, but we can keep using the old ones in the meantime. initial adjective first Example: Her initial reaction to that song was negative, but over time sheâs come to like it. initially adverb at first instruction noun teaching, order Example: Most new electronic devices come with a set of instructions. intelligence noun smartness Example: Since you have a degree from a good university, I assume you have sufficient intelligence to understand this problem. intelligent adjective smart Example: Joe isnât very intelligent, but he is a kind person with a warm heart. interest noun attraction Example: Yossi has little interest in politics, whereas his wife goes to all the protests and demonstrations. interest verb to attract Example: Sports donât really interest me, but my brother is a big basketball fan. introduce verb to show something new Example: Today in class I will introduce the basic concepts of literary analysis. invest verb to put money into something in order to earn money Example: Joe invested in cryptocurrency and lost a lot of money. investor noun one who puts money into something in order to earn money Example: Venture capitalists are investors who put money into risky start-up businesses. investment noun putting money into something in order to earn money Example: Buying real estate in Israel is a very safe investment because the value never goes down. investigate verb research, study Example: The police collected evidence to investigate the murder. investigation noun study Example: The police donât have a suspect for the murder as the investigation isnât finished yet. investigator noun detective Example: Detective Schmendrick is the lead investigator for the murder case. just about almost Example: Iâm just about done here so Iâll be there shortly. keep on doing verb continue Example: Youâre crazy if you keep on doing the same thing and expect different results. kind of type of Example: What kind of dog is that, a poodle? knowledge noun awareness Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. lack verb not having, missing Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. landscape noun the view of the land likely adjective, adverb probably Example: When we learn from our mistakes, weâre not likely to forget. limited adjective restricted Example: We should go to the store today because the sale is for a limited time only. limitation noun restriction little adjective small, not a lot Example: She always tells the truth. I have little reason to doubt her. look at verb see Example: People used to read newspapers on the train. Nowadays they just look at their phones. low adverb to a small amount or level Example: I have to charge my phone because the battery is running low. material noun documents, information Example: We have a lot of material to cover before the end of the semester. meaning noun significance mean verb to have significance or purpose means noun form of, by the use of Example: They communicate by means of radio. measure noun step Example: The teacher took measures to prevent cheating during the test mention verb to say, point out Example: The coach said the team played very well today but didnât mention any player specifically. miss verb (1) fail to catch (2) wishing to see somebody Examples: (1) The football player kicked the ball but missed the goal. (2) Wow, itâs good to see you! Iâve missed you so much! misunderstand verb understand incorrectly Example: Iâm afraid I misunderstood the instructions. Could you repeat them please? more or less approximately, somewhat, to a varying degree Example: This is more or less a religious neighborhood, though there are a few secular families. must modal verb have to naturally adverb as expected, normally nature noun (1) open air (2) character Examples: (1) We like to go hiking in nature reserves. (2) Pit bulls are aggressive by nature.Complete with used to, didn't use to, comparatives and superlatives Cars __________________ (be) much simpler, but now they are __________________ (advanced) with electric and autonomous features. Computers ______________ (be) much larger and slower, but now they are __________ (small) and __________ (fast) than before. Social media ______________ (be) a way to connect with friends, but now it is one of the __________________ (popular) platforms for businesses and influencers. Televisions __________________ (have) bulky, heavy screens, but now they are __________________ (slim) and ______________ (light) with __________________ (good) picture quality. Cell phones __________________ (be) basic flip phones, but now they have __________________ (modern) features like facial recognition. Communication __________________ (rely) on landlines and snail mail, but now text messaging and email are ______________ (fast) and ______________ (easy). Robots __________________ (not be) common in healthcare, but now they are used in some of ______________________ (advanced) industries like healthcare. Means of transportation ________________ (include) cars or planes, but now they are the ________________ (fast) and ________________ (efficient). Medicine ________________ (be) limited to natural remedies, but now we have ______________________ (advanced) technology like robotic surgery. Daily tasks ________________ (take) more time and effort, but now gadgets are ______________________ (convenient) and ______________________ (time-saving). The film industry ________________ (use) digital effects, but now it has some of ______________ (progressive) technology for creating special effects. Light ________________ (not come) from LED bulbs, but now they are the ______________________ (energy-efficient) and ______________________ (long-lasting). The internet ______________________ (be) slow, but now we have the ________________ (fast) connections for streaming. Fashion ______________________ (not be) mass-produced, but now it is one of ______________________ (accessible) industries with online shopping. Music __________ (be) streamed online, but now it is __________ (convenient) to access through apps and devices.