These are used to remove skin cells or plaque from teeth through friction. 

They reduce oxidation and rancidity from occurring over time.  They act as supportive ingredients to lengthen the shelf life of the product. They are marketed as skin nurturers. 

They are also known as sequestrants. They help improve the product's stability by binding metal ions that may  be present in other raw materials. They are essential in foaming products as they bind ions in hard water and prevent deterioration of the foam. 

These are used to give color to a product or the skin. Most of the colorants are synthetically made. 

They induce a tightening and toning effect on the skin. They are commonly found in skin toner, astringents, and aftershave lotion.

It stabilizes the emulsion once formed and prevents the separation of oil and water in the emulsion. It also serves as a thickening agent.

They remove dead skin cell layers by dissolving intracellular "cement" holding surface skin cells together. They are usually found in skin whitening or skin peel products in the presence of low pH.

This is used to enhance the products' smell or to mask undesirable odors/scents. 

These are used to condition and improve the hair's appearance, gloss, and shine while facilitating styling and reducing the static of the hair. They improve the texture of the hair that has been dried through styling, chemical exposure, or environmental drying. 

They are used to hold the hair in styles in place.

They are added to shampoos and shower gels to make them appear pearlescent. They provide consumers with the impression that the product is rich and creamy. 

They adjust the pH of the product at the desired range. They can be considered as Acids (lower the pH) and bases (raise the pH).

They prevent or retard microbial growth in cosmetics. 

SKIN CONDITIONING AGENTS

Impart softness to the skin by remaining on the upper layer of the skin and reduce flaking. 

SKIN CONDITIONING AGENTS

Retard moisture loss by holding water within the surface layers of the skin and drawing in moisture loss by holding water within the surface layers of the skin and drawing in moisture from the air.

SKIN CONDITIONING AGENTS

Blocks the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin, keeping it moist and increasing its water content.

These are liquids that are used to dissolve constituents or act as carriers in cosmetic products. 

They are used to protect the skin from UV radiation

They are surface-active agents and have the ability to modify the surface of the substance. 

SURFACTANTS

Produce foam and clean the surface of the skin or hair.

SURFACTANTS

Used to mix oils and water in an emulsion.

SURFACTANTS

Used to dissolve substances that are usually insoluble in a continuous medium.

Viscosity Changing Ingredients

These thicken the water-soluble components of the product

Viscosity Changing Ingredients

These thicken the oil-soluble components of the product

Defined as a substance or preparation intended for placement in contact with any external part of the human body. It is also used to cleanse, protect, and change the body’s appearance or alter its odors.

History of Cosmetics

Ancient Egyptians used _________ and _________ to clean and soften their skin, mask body odor, and protect their skin against the hot Egyptian sun and dry winds. 

Egyptian women applied ___________ (made of copper and lead ore) ___________ and (bright green paste of copper minerals) to their faces for color and definition.

What color represents the respective classes?

Queen Elizabeth I used white lead paint a lot and created a look known as “the Mask of Youth”.

Refers to the resistance to flow. It also refers to how the product behaves and flows when put in a particular container.

Viscosity and product form is vital because of the following reasons: to make it easy to apply, to make it easy to dispense and use the right amount, and to suit customers’ perception.

Lotion contains low-viscosity emulsions. ___________ is a mixture of two naturally not soluble substances (like oil and water) by the use of a material to hold them together, wherein it may run semi-freely.

It varies from low-viscosity gel to almost lotion-like. It is used to deliver critical ingredients in a light product form. It is made up of smaller molecules that can penetrate deeply into the skin and deliver a high concentration of active ingredients

It can flow freely from runny-like water to runny-like honey

It contains medium to high viscosity emulsions. It is suitable to be put in jars or small bottles with a wide mouth or bigger pump nozzles.

It is mostly or entirely oil-based with semi-solid consistency.

 It is used to describe foaming products with honey-like viscosity. It has limited flow capacity and prevents the product from running out of the hand since it foams up.

It is thicker than liquid and has limited flow properties. It is formed through the use of gum or thickening agents.

It is often presented as a semi-solid product with the use of different clay and with the presence of oils

It contains various-sized particles to exfoliate skin mechanically.

CATEGORIES OF COSMETIC INGREDIENTS

CATEGORIES OF COSMETIC INGREDIENTS

HISTORY OF SOAP AND DETERGENT

HISTORY OF SOAP AND DETERGENT

DIFFERENCE OF SOAP AND DETERGENT

I. Hydrophilic - Polar; Hydrophobic - Non-polar

II. Both soap and detergent have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

It slows down the wetting of the surface and inhibits the cleaning process.

Organic compounds that are widely used for imparting color to textiles. 

Which statement is true?

I. Unlike paint, dyes do not build upon the material’s surface but are absorbed in the fibers’ pores.

II. The dye molecules are smaller than the size of the pores of the fibers.

III. There is an affinity between the dye and the fiber due to the force of attraction

The three unique properties of dyes are: dyes absorb light in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm), they have at least one chromophore, and they have a conjugated system.

A specific type of dye can only absorb in a specific type of substrate or textile. A dye should also have a greater affinity to the substrate (a type of fabric) than its medium (acid, base, water).

Are obtained from natural sources like vegetable matter, minerals, insects or are manufactured in the factory from petrochemical feedstock.

Ingredients that have been chemically manufactured to add vibrant, stable colors to products.

Synthetic Dyes

We attract mosquitoes and other biting insects because of the 1 - Octen - Ol chemical present in our sweat and breath

We attract mosquitoes and other biting insects because of the 1 - Octen - Ol chemical present in our sweat and breath

The insecticidal component - six esters (pyrethrins). It is found in tiny oil containing glands on the surface of the seed case in the flower head.

- Chemical Name: butyl-3,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-2H-pyran-6-carboxylate

- Patented in 1937

- Significant protection against scrub chiggers

- Resulted in a hot restricted vision on the head nets of troops

- Six parts DMP, two parts Indalone, and two parts of Rutgers 612

- Mild developmental toxicity after cutaneous administration to pregnant rats

- Chemical Name: Dimethyl Phthalate

- Patented in 1929 as a fly repellant

- Significant protection against scrub chiggers

- Resulted in a hot and restricted vision on head nets of troops

- Chemical Name: 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol

- Available on 1939

- Voluntarily removed in USA and Canada markets showing low lung expansion in the offspring of an exposed mammal

Traditional Insect Repellants

Synthetic Insect Repellants