a layer or mass of a material found in rock or in the ground

an animal that does not have a backbone

the act of accepting that sth exists, is true or is official

a period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.

actually; in fact; true in reality

forceful; urgently demanding attention

having the power and importance to affect something

caused by humans

to do sth deserving reward or praise

an official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, or to find out about something, usually for the government

give sb a responsibility or task

say officially that sb/sth has a particular character or name

a major change in basic assumptions of a particular scientific discipline

used to describe people who belong to the same group or class or who share a situation, experience, etc.

that causes harm by interfering with the existing environment

to give out

conclusions, results of research

super critical

full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers

bitterness

to gradually accept a difficult situation

a possible effect or result of an action or a decision

a real or imagined line that marks the edge or limit of something

large-scale, to a great extent

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

the action of clearing a wide area of trees.

the gradual increase of the amounts of a substance in a liquid

dust that falls to the ground carrying radioactive isotopes from nuclear explosion or accident

not proud; modest

millions of years from now

avoiding unnecessary risks or mistakes

too early; happening or arriving before the proper time

manage to see sb or sth

gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of

a mark made by pressure

in complete agreement

form an idea, plan etc. in your mind

someone honored for great achievements

the process of moving forward to a better position

as good, bad, important, etc. as somebody/something else

that covers the whole planet

the most important reason

small and insignificant

the state of being angry or unhappy due to perceived feelings of mistreatment

happening at the end of a long process

say sth officially or publicly

an area of land where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth

not caring enough about something important or about the feelings of other people

lack of regard or respect, neglect

make sb/sth suffer sth unpleasant

large, important; major, significant

to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something

introduce a new law, rule, tax etc.

a punishment for breaking a law

an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way

to revise; to renovate

in agreement with a rule or request

to start to do something new or difficult

able to exist or be used together without causing problems

the act of keeping something in good health or condition

being willing to calmly accept something unpleasant or difficult that you cannot change

unable to live without sth

have a noticeable effect on sth/sb, esp. a bad one

sense organs that detect taste

an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration