Create incomplete sentences in present perfect

Create a quiz over the following topic: Visual Art: Elements of Art, Music, Dance, and Drama A. Elements of Visual Art: There are seven primary elements of art (line, shape, form, space, color, value, texture), the components from which any artwork can be built. Any artwork that can stand the test of time will contain these elements. Element 1 – Line Line is the most fundamental concept in art. This element leads the viewer’s eye around the artwork, communicating the piece’s meaning to the viewer. Without this element, none of the other elements could exist. At its most basic foundation, a line is simply a moving dot. When these dots overlap, the line is solid. When they do not overlap, the line is dotted or dashed. These “incomplete” lines can represent movement or hidden material behind the primary figure. Repeated lines create patterns, and these patterned lines create a rhythm for the work. Lines can be: • Curved • Zigzag • Horizontal • Vertical • Diagonal • Implied • Gesture • Varied thicknesses • Varied lengths Examples of lines and their meaning in art: Thick Lines – give emphasis and advance Thin Lines – recede and cause the eye to “lose interest” Straight Lines – rarely found in nature, thus are inorganic. Straight lines are dynamic and mechanistic. Curved Lines – gently change directions and have no sharp angles, suggesting calmness – Curved lines are more readily found in nature and are thus considered organic lines Works with pronounced curved lines include Van Gogh’s The Starry Night (1889). Note the movement across the sky.

Can you create an evaluation using this information PHONETICS VS. PHONOLOGY Whereas phonetics is the study of sounds that occur in language, phonology is the study of how these sounds are organized and how they function in language. It uses the classifications of sounds derived from phonetics to describe and analyze how sounds occur in speech. STRUCTURALIST PHONEMICS STRUCTURALIST PHONEMICS As linguists began to study sounds in fine detail, they recognized increasingly complex aspects of phonetic organization. For example, the sound /p/ appears in different varieties in English. STRUCTURALIST PHONEMICS One of the varieties of /p/ is indicated by [ph]. This sound is produced with an accompanying puff of air called aspiration, as in the words “pill,” and “peace.” Another sound, indicated by [p•], is produced when there is little or no aspiration; this sound occurs in a word like “spill.” A third major variety for the /p/ sound is the unreleased [p– ], which may occur at the end of a word like “stop.” To deal with these variations for the /p/ sound, the structuralists suggested the existence of an abstract unit which they termed a phoneme. STRUCTURALIST PHONEMICS A phoneme was defined by the structuralists as an abstract phonological unit that represents a class of real sounds, termed the allophones of a phoneme. The phoneme /p/ in English, then, is represented by the allophones [ph], [p•], and [p– ]. STRUCTURALISTS: MINIMAL PAIRS How do we know what these abstract units of sound called phonemes are? In order to find the phonemes of a language, the structuralists developed the concept of the minimal pair, defined as any two words that: a) Contain the same number of segments b) Differ in meaning c) Exhibit only one phonetic difference. STRUCTURALISTS: MINIMAL PAIRS In practical terms, phonemes distinguish meanings; and a phoneme can also be defined as the smallest meaning-distinguishing unit of sound. For instance, the words “pin” /pɪn/ and “bin” /bɪn/ mean different things, and the only one difference in these words occurs in the initial sounds. STRUCTURALISTS: MINIMAL PAIRS By using the concept of a minimal pair, we can determine that the three variations of the /p/ sound do not represent three phonemes. Certainly, it is possible to pronounce the word cap with either an aspirated [ph ] or unreleased [p– ]; however, the two forms [kæph ] and [kæp– ] are not a minimal pair, even though they involve different sounds, because they are identical in meaning. STRUCTURALISTS: FREE VARIATION The two forms [kæph ] and [kæp– ] are, therefore, said to exhibit free variation: that is, the pronunciation may vary without signifying a change in meaning. In other words, we may conclude that the unreleased [p– ] and the aspirated [ph ] are not representations of different phonemes in English; they are, in fact, allophones of one phoneme, /p/. STRUCTURALISTS: COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION When phonemes have more than one allophone in a language, the allophones are said to be in complementary distribution. Complementary distribution means that the allophones of a phoneme occur in different phonetic environments (that is, with different sounds surrounding them). TRANSFORMATIONAL- GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY Transformational-generative phonology is a relatively recent development in linguistic theory. Chomsky launched Transformational-Generative Grammar in 1957, but the earliest studies within this framework were largely concerned with syntax. A decade later, the first comprehensive transformational-generative treatment of English phonology appeared: Chomsky and Halle’s The Sound Pattern of English (1968). TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY Transformational-generative phonologists strongly oppose the structuralists’ phonemic level. They replace this level by a series of rules that directly relate underlying representations to observed phonetic representations. The central mechanisms in transformational-generative phonology, then, are underlying representations and phonological rules. PHONOLOGICAL RULES A rule is an operational statement in which some linguistic entity is modified, resulting in a new linguistic entity. Rules may add elements, remove elements, or change elements. By using phonological rules, linguists attempt to demonstrate that there is order in linguistic phenomena and that linguistic patterns are systematic. PHONOLOGICAL DERIVATION A phonological derivation is an operation that begins with an underlying representation and, through the application of a set of specific rules, yields the actual sound the speaker produces. The representation of a phonological rule has the following general appearance. /A/ → [B] / C “A” changes to “B” under condition “C” PHONOLOGICAL RULE – EXAMPLE In most Southern dialects, the word ten is pronounced like the word tin. This is not an isolated fact, for den is pronounced like din and Ben is pronounced like bin, and so on. This very general fact can be represented by the phonological rule: /ɛ/ → [I] / ___ [n] den /dɛn/ → /dIn/ Ben /bɛn/ → /bIn/ ten /tɛn/ → /tIn/ /ɛ/ → [I] / ___ [n] - high - low - tense + front + high - tense + front + sonorant + anterior + coronal - continuant NOTATIONAL DEVICES IN PHONOLOGICAL RULES The statement of phonological rules can be complex, and linguists have developed several notational devices for writing them. Often, the following symbols will be necessary for stating the conditions under which rules apply: # indicates a word boundary + indicates an intraword boundary $ indicates a syllable boundary UNDERLYING REPRESENTATIONS AND RELATED ISSUES The transformational-generative description of phonology relates underlying representations to phonetic representations by rules. This can be represented in a simple example: In English, there are certain pairs of words like sign / signature, and malign / malignant that exhibit a regular alternation in their phonetic representations: [g] is present in the second member of the pairs but absent in the first member. UNDERLYING REPRESENTATIONS AND RELATED ISSUES To explain the relatedness of words such as sign / signature, we could claim that the underlying representation of the segment in all such pairs is /g/ and that a rule operates to delete /g/ before syllable-final nasals. Thus, the rule “/g/ is deleted before syllable-final nasal” would appear formally as: + voice - anterior →∅ ____ [+ nasal] $ - coronal UNDERLYING REPRESENTATIONS AND RELATED ISSUES On the left-hand side of the arrow, we place the features needed to uniquely specify /g/ among the consonants; that is, no other consonant has the features [+ voice], [- anterior], and [- coronal]. The symbols → mean that the sound /g/ changes to nothing or more properly “/g/ is deleted.” The horizontal line following the slash mark refers to the position of /g/ - namely, before a segment that is [+nasal]. Finally, this [+nasal] segment occurs before a syllable boundary, as indicated by $. A less formal way of writing this rule would be: /g/ → / _ [+nasal] $ Notice that this rule also helps describe such alternations as phlegm/phlegmatic and paradigm/paradigmatic. Application Activity: Think of other words in which this rule can be applied. Write the sound segments to prove /g/ is deleted. Another example is the process through which the prefix meaning “not” is added to words. This prefix alternates among the forms /Im/, /In/, and /Iŋ/, depending on the point of articulation of the initial segment of the following word. -If the segment begins in the extreme front part of the mouth (labials), the form is /Im/, as in improper. -If the segment begins in the extreme back part of the mouth (velars), the form is /Iŋ/, as in incomplete. -If the segment begins in the mid-region of the mouth (all other sounds), the form is /In/, as in indecent. *Exceptions:Words beginning with /r/ or /l/. Analyze the Word “in + complete,” for example. /n/ → [ŋ] / __ [k] - continuant - continuant - continuant + sonorant → + sonorant - sonorant + anterior - anterior - strident + coronal - coronal - coronal + tense THE VELAR SOFTENING RULE Still another example of alternation in English is found in pairs of words like “electric / electricity,” in which the segments /k/ and /s/ alternate. /k/ changes to [s] only before non- low, front vowels. THE VELAR SOFTENING RULE /k/ → [s] / __ - continuant + continuant - strident → - sonorant V - anterior + anterior - low - coronal + coronal - back

Allele variation of a specific gene Artificial Insemination (AI) collecting and preserving semen from sires and using artificial means to introduce it to the dam’s reproductive tract Body Cells make up the organs and tissue of an animal and have chromosomes in pairs, called diploids Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene editing technology Codominance heterozygous individual expresses the phenotype of both alleles simultaneously Complete Dominance heterozygous gene pair is expressed the same as a homozygous dominant gene pair Crossbreeding sire from one breed and a dam from another, with each breed excelling in a certain characteristic to benefit the producer and the offspring Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) stores genetic information and acts as a blueprint for all genetic material in the organism in two strands arranged in a double helix Dominant Alleles represent a dominant phenotype and are expressed as uppercase letters Embryo Transfer eggs are collected from a desirable female, fertilized and then implanted in several other females Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) measure of the heritability of breeding values and traits Gametes fulfill the purpose of sexual reproduction, passing on half of the genetic code in the form of sperm and ovum and are also called haploids or sex cells Genotype organism's genetic composition, which determines its heredity potential and limitations Grading Up using a purebred sire to breed grade (unregistered or commercial) females Heritability degree to which offspring resemble their parent for a particular trait Heterosis (Hybrid Vigor) ability of crossbred animals to have the best traits from each parent Heterozygosity phenomenon of inheriting a different version of an allele from each biological parent Homozygosity phenomenon of inheriting the same version of an allele from each biological parent Inbreeding breeding of closely related animals with the goal of concentrating traits from a superior individual Incomplete Dominance dominant allele does not completely overcome the recessive Law of Dominance states genes will express themselves with the dominant gene appearing in the phenotype Law of Independent Assortment states unlinked or distantly linked gene pairs separate independently of other genes Law of Segregation states paired genes must segregate equally into gametes in a way so offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting either factor Locus place on a chromosome where a gene is found Meiosis process of cellular reproduction of gametes and results in four genetically different daughter cells Mitosis process of cellular reproduction of body cells which creates two genetically identical daughter cells Outcrossing breeding highly unrelated individuals within a breed Phenotype all the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with its environment Polygenic Traits controlled by many gene pairs Punnett Square graphical representation of the possible genotypes of an offspring arising from a particular breeding, using letters to represent the genes Recessive Alleles non-dominant phenotypes which can still affect the appearance of an animal, but not as commonly, and are expressed as lowercase letters Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) replicates genetic information found in DNA to build proteins in processes known as transcription and translation Simply Inherited Traits typically controlled by one gene pair

Nutrition Notes Nutrition- study of how your body uses food Process by which body uses nutrients How you look and feel Resist diseases and illness How you perform physically and mentally Nutrients: substances in food your body needs to grow, repair and supply energy to your body cells 6 Classes of Nutrients 1.Carbohydrates: 1 gram= 4 calories 2. Protein: 1 gram- 4 calories 3. Fats: 1 gram= 9 calories 4.Water 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals Calorie: measurement of energy in food Metabolism: Rate at which body burns energy(calories) Hunger: physical drive to eat Appetite: pshycological desire for food What influences your food choices: Foods you like Health Reasons Family and Culture Time & Money Advertising Emotions Friends Social Media: Modeling Nutrients Carbohydrates: your body’s main source of energy sugars/starches in food 45%-65% of diet #1 source of energy Simple: sugars converted to glucose= energy (fruits, dairy, honey, some manufactured foods) Complex: sugars linked together (starches) (grains, bread, pasta, beans, vegetables) Fiber: tough, indigestible carbohydrates Cleans our digestive system Prevents some types of cancer Prevents heart disease (fruits, vegetables, whole grains,nuts) 2. Protein: growth and repair of body tissues Made up of chemicals called “amino acids” Basic building material of all body cells (muscles, bones, skin, internal organs) Secondary source of energy protein(hemoglobin) attaches to oxygen in blood Functions as hormones regulating body functions 10-15% of diet *Body uses 20 Amino Acids found in food ( body produces 11 and 9 must come from diet) Essential amino acids: 9 amino acids body doesn't produce Complete Amino Acids: foods that contain all 9 essential amino acids ( animal products) Incomplete Amino Acids: food products that do not contain all 9 essential amino acids. Fats 15-25% of diet Secondary source of energy Blood clotting Controlling inflammation Maintains healthy skin/hair absorb /transport fat soluble vitamins Regulates body temperature Types of Fat Unsaturated: “good” fat Liquid at room temperature Can help fight heart disease (veg oil, nuts) Saturated: “bad” fat Solid at room temp Clogs arteries Causes strokes, heart attack, diabetes (animal products, meat, dairy) Cholesterol: waxy like fat substance found in meat products HDL: good type of cholesterol Body creates(liver) Creates cell wall, hormones, and vit D LDL: bad cholesterol- found in foods (clogs arteries) 4. Trans Fat: “one of the worst type of fats” Formed by a process called “hydrogenation”: adding Hydrogen molecules to unsaturated fats to make it more solid and resistant to chemical change. Vitamins A vitamin is a chemical compound that is needed in small amounts for the human body to work correctly. Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body. The fat soluble vitamins are soluble in lipids (fats). Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in our body Water soluble vitamins must be taken every day Human body produces some amounts of Vitamin D & K

Create

Create a quiz on: Food Packaging and Storage – Grade 6 Notes ✅ 1. What is Food Packaging? Food packaging is the process of covering or wrapping food to protect it from damage, contamination, and spoilage. 🎯 2. Reasons for Food Packaging Food is packaged for the following reasons: Protection – keeps food safe from dust, insects, and germs Preservation – helps food last longer (prevents spoilage) Transportation – makes it easy to carry and distribute food Storage – allows food to be kept safely for future use Information – shows expiry dates, ingredients, and instructions Attractiveness – makes food appealing to buyers 🧴 3. Materials Used for Packaging Common Packaging Materials: Plastic – bottles, containers, wraps Glass – jars and bottles (e.g. jam, juice) Metal (tins) – canned foods Paper/Cardboard – boxes, cartons Foil – wrapping foods like butter or snacks Leaves (traditional) – banana leaves, maize husks . Make a5 questions

Create a quiz for serial episodes 1-9

Create English grade 10 quiz

Related quizzes

Related quizzes