Question 1

In an experiment, two-year-old boys and their fathers made pie dough together using rolling pins and other utensils. Each father-son pair used a rolling pin that was distinctively different from those used by the other father-son pairs, and each father repeated the phrase “rolling pin” each time his son used it. But when the children were asked to identify all of the rolling pins among a group of kitchen utensils that included several rolling pins, each child picked only the one that he had used.

Which one of the following inferences is most supported by the information above?Which one of the following inferences is most supported by the information above?

Accepted Answer

No two children understood the name “rolling pin” to apply to the same object.No two children understood the name “rolling pin” to apply to the same object.

Answer

The children were not able to distinguish the rolling pins they used from other rolling pins.The children were not able to distinguish the rolling pins they used from other rolling pins.

Answer

The children understood that all rolling pins have the same general shape.The children understood that all rolling pins have the same general shape.

Answer

Each child was able to identify correctly only the utensils that he had used.Each child was able to identify correctly only the utensils that he had used.

Answer

The children did not grasp the function of a rolling pin.

Question 2

The increasing complexity of scientific inquiry has led to a proliferation of multi-authored technical articles. Reports of clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals are usually coauthored by physicians from each participating hospital. Likewise, physics papers reporting results from experiments using subsystems developed at various laboratories generally have authors from each laboratory.The increasing complexity of scientific inquiry has led to a proliferation of multi-authored technical articles. Reports of clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals are usually coauthored by physicians from each participating hospital. Likewise, physics papers reporting results from experiments using subsystems developed at various laboratories generally have authors from each laboratory.

If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

Most reports of clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals have multiple authors.

Answer

Clinical trials involving patients from several hospitals are never conducted solely by physicians from just one hospital.

Answer

When a technical article has multiple authors, they are usually from different institutions.

Answer

Most technical articles are authored solely by the researchers who conducted the experiments these articles report.

Answer

Physics papers authored by researchers from multiple laboratories usually report results from experiments using subsystems developed at each laboratory.

Question 3

Some argue that laws are instituted at least in part to help establish a particular moral fabric in society. But the primary function of law is surely to help order society so that its institutions, organizations, and citizenry can work together harmoniously, regardless of any further moral aims of the law. Indeed, the highest courts have on occasion treated moral beliefs based on conscience or religious faith as grounds for making exceptions in the application of laws.Some argue that laws are instituted at least in part to help establish a particular moral fabric in society. But the primary function of law is surely to help order society so that its institutions, organizations, and citizenry can work together harmoniously, regardless of any further moral aims of the law. Indeed, the highest courts have on occasion treated moral beliefs based on conscience or religious faith as grounds for making exceptions in the application of laws.

The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The manner in which laws are applied sometimes takes into account the beliefs of the people governed by those laws.

Answer

Actions based on religious belief or on moral conviction tend to receive the protection of the highest courts.

Answer

The way a society is ordered by law should not reflect any moral convictions about the way society ought to be ordered.

Answer

The law has as one of its functions the ordering of society but is devoid of moral aims.

Answer

The best way to promote cooperation among a society’s institutions, organizations, and citizenry is to institute order in that society by means of law.