what does a 90 degree angle look like?

what does a 45 degree angle look like?

what is the definition of parallel?

where do we see things that are parallel when instrumenting?

what is the range and correct/ideal angulation for calculus removal?

what is the correct range of angulation for insertion of instruments before calculus removal?

what are the 4 different types of line/stroke directions whe instrumenting?

what is another name for an oblique stroke?

what is the definition of a cross-section of an object?

what are the 3 possible cross-section shapes for periodontal instruments?

do we measure in mm or cm for instrument stroke length and probe depths?

how many mm are in 1 cm?

a UNC-15 probe can measure up to how many mm depth?

what is the definition of the midline (of a tooth)?

what does each BLACK band on a probe usually indicate?

what is the long axis of the tooth?

when instrumenting on anteriors, what is the relationship between the long axis of the tooth and the instrument handle/shank?

what does apical mean? coronal?

what are the zones/thirds of the crowns and roots of teeth?

what is the difference between the directional terms facial & lingual?

what is the difference between the directional terms mesial & distal?

what are line angles of teeth?

what is a quadrant? a sextant?

what are the 3 main parts/characteristics of ALL instruments?

what 4 characteristics of instrument handles must be considered when picking the right one?

how does the weight of an instrument affect performance?

how does the diameter of an instrument affect performance?

how does the taper of an instrument affect performance?

how does the texture of an instrument affect performance?

what is a balanced instrument?

what are the 2 main shank types an instrument may have?

what is a simple shank?

what is a complex shank?

what are the 2 types of shank flexiblity?

why would we want a rigid shank?

why would we want a flexible shank?

are vibrations and tactile sense easier to feel with a rigid or flexible shank?

do we usually use a flexible shank for subgingival calculus removal?

what shank type (simple/complex) is used for anterior teeth? what about posterior teeth?

what is the purpose of the shank of an instrument?

what is a functional shank?

what is a terminal shank?

if a patient has a 5mm pocket on the distal of #9, what shank type (complex/simple) and size/length (long/short) do we use?

where is a simple short shank used?

where is a simple long shank used?

where is a complex short shank used?

where is a complex long shank used?

what is the difference between a single, double, unpaired, and paired working end instrument?

what are the 3 main ways instruments are identified?

when looking at the name of an instrument on the handle, such as Gracy 1/2, how do we know which end of the instrument is the 1 and which is the 2?

who made the Gracey's, the site-specific instruments?

what are the 5 main parts we can label/identify for the working end of an instrument (especially in the cross-section)?

what two sides of the instrument (face, back, lateral, toe/tip) make up the cutting edges, such as in a curet?

what is the difference between the tip and toe of an instrument?

when should the back of the instrument NOT enter the subgingival area?

do all instruments have 2 cutting edges?

what is the shape of the cross-section of each of these instrument types: curet, scaler, explorer?

what periodontal instruments are classified as assessment instruments?

what periodontal instruments are classified as calculus removal instruments?

what are the main 2 types of curets?

what is the angle between the working end and terminal shank of a universal curet?

can a universal curet be used on mesial AND distal surfaces? how about supragingival AND subgingival? why?

what is the name of the probe we will use for class?

Can sickle scalers be used subgingivally? can they be used on mesial AND distal surfaces? why?

can Gracey curets be used on both mesial AND distal surfaces? how many cutting edges do they have?

what are the working end angles for the following instruments: universal curet, sickle scaler, area-specific curet?

what instrument is LITERALLY DESIGNED for calculus removal because of its angle?

what is the PSR Screening Probe? who made it? who uses it?

who is WHO?

do explorers have a cutting edge? what are 4 different types of explorers?

what is the use of a periodontal file?

what are the building blocks of the foundation for stroke production (from bottom to top)/what must be checked before stroke production?

what are some risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders/cumulative trauma disorders for a DH?

was the human body designed for repetitive movements?

the dental health care provider has high risk of muscle injury when FORCEFUL MOVEMENTS are combined with _______ ________?

what is the 4 part equation that equals musculoskeletal injury?

what % of DH have musculoskeletal disorders?

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome causes & symptoms?

Rotator Cuff Tendinitis causes & symptoms?

Pronator Syndrome causes & symptoms?

Extensor Was Strain causes & symptoms?

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome causes & symptoms? ** ***KNOW

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment causes & symptoms?

Tenosynovitis causes & symptoms?

Tendinitis causes & symptoms?

what is the most common cumulative trauma disorder? **

what are the ergonomic Do's?

what are the ergonomic Don'ts?

what are ergonomics?

pain and injury result when the body's natural ______ ______ are not maintained in a seated position?

what is a neutral neck position?

what dental equipment helps the operator maintain a neutral neck position?

what is the neutral back position?

what is a neutral torso position?

what is a neutral shoulder position?

what is a neutral upper arm position?

what is a neutral forearm position?

what is a neutral hand position?

what are the features of a GOOD dental stool?

what is the neutral seated position?

where should the patient be positioned in relation to the operator's elbow?

what is neutral positioning for the patient?

supine patient position features?

semi-supine patient position features?

why is it important for the patient's head to be even with the top of the headrest? how do we get them there if they are a child/short?**

what is the best leg position for the operator with the patient?

how should the patient's head be adjusted for optimal visibility?

the best illumination of the overhead light is at what length away from operator?

when we turn on and adjust the overhead light, where should it be positioned?

what is the light position for working in the mand. arch?

what is the light position for working the max. arch?

where should the instrument tray be positioned?

what is the operator neutral position in relation to the patient/how do we move patient to make us netural?

what is the quick multi-step way to make sure the patient nose is below your waist?

do we want the handle of an instrument to be hollow or solid?

what does OSHA say about fans in the dental office/workplace?

when imagining the operator clock positions, is the head or foot of the patient 12:00?

a right handed clinician varies their position between what hours on the clock?

what is the 8:00 position?

what is the 9:00 position?

what is the 10:00 position?

what is the 12:00 position?

why should we follow the recommended clock positions for each cleaning area?

what is the difference between surfaces toward/away for anterior teeth (right handed)?

what position does the right hand operator sit to clean mandibular anterior towards?

what position does the right hand operator sit to clean the mandibular anterior away?

what position do BOTH right and left handed operators sit at to clean the maxillary anterior teeth surfaces toward AND away?

a right handed operator sits basically at 12:00 for ALL anterior surface EXCEPT which?

where should the tooth being cleaned be positioned in relation to the patient in reference to patient head positioning?

how are surfaces away/toward determined for posterior teeth?

what clock position does the right handed operator sit at for posterior aspects TOWARD?

what clock position does the right handed operator sit at for posterior aspects AWAY?

how should the patient head be positioned for optimal view of posterior teeth?

an all-around neutral position is obtained by what 3 things also being neutral?

do we use the front or back surface of mirrors to see areas? how do we prevent fogging?

what are the 4 uses/functions of the dental mirror?

how do mirrors use indirect vision?

how do mirrors use retraction?

how do mirrors use illumination?

how do mirrors use transillumination?

do we retract the lips of anterior sextants with the mirror?

what grasp is used for the mirror?

what is the grasp used for the compressed air or water syringe?

what are the reasons we use compressed air on patients?

what must we be careful with when using compressed air on patients?

what is the recommended grasp for holding dental hygiene instruments?

why do we use the MODIFIED pen grasp for dental instruments?

when is the pen grasp used?

where are the thumb and index finger in the modified pen grasp?

where is the middle finger in a modified pen grasp?

where are the ring and little/pinky fingers in the modified pen grasp?

what does "united we stand" mean in terms of the ring finger?

what is the neutral hand & wrist position for modified pen grasp?

what is joint hypermobility?

when should we have a light grasp instrumenting? when should our grasp be firm?

why should the thumb and index fingers not overlap on the instrument?

why do we want a soft c-shape and not a U shape when holding an instrument?

where does the handle rest in the modified pen grasp?

what is the definition of the fulcrum in instrumenting?

what are the 3 main types of fulcrums?

what is an intraoral fulcrum?

what is an extraoral fulcrum?

what is an advanced fulcrum?

what are the 3 main types of advanced fulcrums?

what does "standing up" on your fulcrum mean?

what are the 3 A's in dental instrumentation?

what are the 3 different parts of the working end of instruments?

how much of the working end of the instrument needs to be touching the tooth for proper adaptation?

what is another name for the toe/tip third of an instrument?

when do we use the middle & heel parts of the instrument to adapt to the tooth?

how do we maintain adaptation of the toe/tip as we move around line angles?

if you have lacerated/punctured gingival tissue, was the adaptation proper or improper?

is a sickle scaler or curet better for the curves of interproxes on posterior teeth?

when we adapt the instrument to the tooth, what part/section of the tooth do we start on?

what are some bad things incorrect adaptation can cause?

can correct adaptation prevent burnishing of calculus?

what does "angulation" refer to with instruments?

how do we decrease or increase angulation?

the angulation we use for instrumenting depends on what 4 main factors?

what is the definition of activation in terms of instruments?

what does the fulcrum finger do during activation?

how big (mm) should activation movements be?

what are the 2 main types of activation?

what is wrist motion activation?

what is digital motion activation?

what is the ONLY instrument we use digital motion activation for?

what are 2 ways we can maintain correct adaptation by moving our instrument/handle?

how does rolling the instrument handle help maintain adaptation?

how does pivoting on the fulcrum help maintain adaptation?

what 3 self-checks of our grasp/instrument must we do before making a stroke?

what are our 2 round assessment instruments?

what surfaces (sub or supra) are explorers used on?

explorers are used to evaluate tooth surfaces for what 5 main things?

what is the definition of tactile sensitivity?

what is the most sensitive explorer used for calc detection?

Orban-type explorer design & use? Location? ** ***KNOW

pigtail & cowhorn explorer design & use? Location? **

11/12 explorer design & use? Location? ** ***KNOW

shepherd hook explorer/explorer 23 design & use? Location? **

what steps are followed for proper exploration technique?

what is the lower shank of an explorer?

what is the Anterior Across rule?

how many mm for an assessment stroke vs a calc removal stroke?

when assessing on anterior teeth, what is the stroke pattern and where on the tooth do we start?

what is the stroke sequence for anterior surfaces towards?

what is the stroke sequence for anterior surfaces away?

what position is the operator (right hand) in for ALL anterior sextants EXCEPT sextant 5 towards?

what is the sickle scaler design & use?

how do we achieve correct angulation with a sickle scaler and what is the proper face-to-tooth surface angle?

is the anterior scaler single ended, double ended, or can it be both?

what happens when the sickle scaler tip 1/3 does not stay adapted to the tooth?

what are the insertion rules for the sickle scaler?

what are the features of a universal curet?

what are the features of an area-specific curet?

where can a universal curet be used?

what size calc deposit can universal curet remove?

what is the design/appearance of a universal curet?

is a long or short shank on a curet better for posterior access?

there is a columbia and barnhart type of universal curet with varying shank lengths... which do we use and what are the lengths of each?

what is the ONLY edge of the 2 used on universal curets used on anterior teeth?

how do we determine the correct working end for explorers, curets, & scalers?

what are the rules for curet insertion angulation?

what is the multi-step stroke production sequence? (12 ish steps) **

what are the patient head positions/angles for working on anterior surfaces toward/away?

what do we retract lips with for anterior work?

is a conventional finger rest established on a tooth 3 teeth away from the target or on a tooth adjacent to the target?

is a fulcrum needed to use a mirror?

what determines if a scaler is anterior or posterior?

know how to label the different parts of an instrument (like with scalers)?

what is the difference between inner & outer curet cutting edges?

how is the correct working end of a universal curet chosen for posterior teeth? anterior?

what is the drive finger?

what instruments are used for debridement of dental implants?

what is meant by a walking stroke?

what is a calculus removal stroke?

what is a root debridement stroke?

what is an assessment stroke?

what is a pull stroke?

what is a placement stroke?