Question 1

Consider a hash table with collisions resolvedusing double hashing. If the primary hash function is h1(key)=key(modm) and the secondary hash function is h2(key)=1+(key(modm−1)),where m is the tablesize. To insert a key that hashes to the same initial location as an existingkey, the probe sequence of indices will be:

Accepted Answer

(h1(key)+i⋅h2(key))(modm) for i=0,1,2,...

Answer

(h1(key)+i⋅h1(key))(modm)for i=0,1,2,...

Answer

(h2(key)+i⋅h1(key))(modm)for i=0,1,2,...

Answer

(h1(key)+(i2)⋅h2(key))(modm)for i=0,1,2,...

Question 2

Consider a relational database schema with tables R(A, B) and S(B, C), where B is a foreign key in S referencing A in R. Which of the following SQL queries correctly expresses the natural join of R and S?

Accepted Answer

SELECT * FROM R INNER JOIN S USING (B);

Answer

SELECT * FROM R JOIN S ON R.B = S.A;

Answer

SELECT * FROM R CROSS JOIN S WHERE R.B = S.B;

Answer

SELECT * FROM R LEFT JOIN S ON R.A = S.B;

Question 3

In the context of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), which of the following principles emphasizes that services should have minimal dependencies on each other and that a change in one service should have minimal impact on others?

Accepted Answer

Loose Coupling

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Discoverability

Answer

Reusability

Question 4

A network segment has a network address of 192.168.1.0/27. What is the range of valid host IP addresses for this subnet?

Accepted Answer

192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.30

Answer

192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.32

Answer

192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.31

Answer

192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.63

Question 5

Which of the following security mechanisms is primarily designed to protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks?

Accepted Answer

Anti-CSRF tokens (Synchronizer Tokens)

Answer

Content Security Policy (CSP)

Answer

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

Answer

Input validation and sanitization

Question 6

Consider the following Python code snippet:

Python

def outer(x):

def inner(y):

return x + y

return inner

add_five = outer(5)

result = add_five(3)

What is the value of the result variable?

Accepted Answer

8

Answer

3

Answer

An error will occur

Answer

5

Question 7

A server is experiencing intermittent high CPU utilization. Initial investigation shows no single process consistently consuming excessive CPU. Which of the following tools would be most effective for identifying transient spikes in CPU usage by various processes over time on a Linux system?

Accepted Answer

top

Answer

ping

Answer

htop

Answer

netstat

Question 8

In computer architecture, what is the primary purpose of cache coherence protocols in a multi-processor system?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that all processors have the same view of the data in the cache hierarchy.

Answer

To optimize the scheduling of tasks across the available processors.

Answer

To manage virtual memory allocation across multiple processors.

Answer

To handle interrupts and exceptions generated by the processors.

Question 9

In the context of blockchain technology, what is the "Byzantine Fault Tolerance" (BFT) property primarily designed to address?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining consensus among distributed nodes even when some nodes are faulty or malicious.

Answer

Scaling the transaction throughput of the blockchain network.

Answer

Protecting the privacy of transactions on the blockchain.

Answer

Ensuring the immutability of the transaction ledger.

Question 10

Given a binary search tree, which traversal method would output the keys in non-decreasing sorted order?

Accepted Answer

In-order traversal

Answer

Pre-order traversal

Answer

Post-order traversal

Answer

Level-order traversal

Question 11

Consider a transaction in a database system that involves multiple read and write operations. Which of the following ACID properties ensures that if the transaction completes successfully, all the changes it made to the database are permanently saved?

Accepted Answer

Durability

Answer

Atomicity

Answer

Isolation

Answer

Consistency

Question 12

In component-based development, what is the role of an "interface"?

Accepted Answer

To specify the contract of services that a component provides and the services it requires.

Answer

To define the internal implementation details of a component.

Answer

To manage the lifecycle and deployment of software components.

Answer

To visually represent the relationships and dependencies between components.

Question 13

What is the primary difference between TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol)?

Accepted Answer

TCP provides a connection-oriented, reliable, and ordered delivery of data, while UDP is connectionless and unreliable.

Answer

TCP uses IP addresses for addressing, while UDP uses MAC addresses.

Answer

TCP is primarily used for real-time applications, while UDP is used for file transfer.

Answer

TCP operates at the Network Layer, while UDP operates at the Transport Layer.

Question 14

What is the Same-Origin Policy (SOP) in web security primarily designed to prevent?

Accepted Answer

Unauthorized access to a user's cookies, local storage, and other sensitive data by scripts from a different origin.

Answer

Denial-of-service attacks by limiting the number of requests from a single IP address.

Answer

SQL injection vulnerabilities by sanitizing user input.

Answer

Man-in-the-middle attacks by encrypting communication.

Question 15

What is "memoization" in programming?

Accepted Answer

An optimization technique where the results of expensive function calls are cached and reused for the same inputs.

Answer

A technique for dynamically allocating memory during program execution.

Answer

A method for handling runtime errors and preventing program crashes.

Answer

A process of converting high-level code into machine code.

Question 16

A virtual machine (VM) on a hypervisor is experiencing network connectivity issues. The host machine has a working internet connection. What is a common area to investigate within the VM's network configuration?

Accepted Answer

The network adapter settings within the VM's operating system (e.g., bridging, NAT, host-only).

Answer

The amount of RAM allocated to the VM.

Answer

The physical Ethernet cable connected to the host machine.

Answer

The CPU allocation settings for the VM.

Question 17

What is the fundamental principle behind asymmetric cryptography (public-key cryptography)?

Accepted Answer

Using a pair of mathematically related keys, a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption (or vice versa for digital signatures).

Answer

Scrambling data using a complex algorithm without any key.

Answer

Relying on a shared secret established through a secure channel.

Answer

Using the same secret key for both encryption and decryption.

Question 18

What is a primary challenge associated with the widespread adoption of microservices architecture?

Accepted Answer

Complexity in managing inter-service communication, monitoring, and distributed transactions.

Answer

Increased coupling between different parts of the application.

Answer

Reduced fault tolerance due to the distribution of functionality.

Answer

Simplified deployment and management of individual components.

Question 19

What is the amortized time complexity of performing $k$ enqueue operations followed by $k$ dequeue operations on a queue implemented using a dynamically resizing array?

Accepted Answer

O(1) per operation

Answer

O(log k) per operation

Answer

O(k^2) per operation

Answer

O(k) per operation

Question 20

In the context of NoSQL databases, which of the following consistency models offers the strongest guarantee of data consistency across distributed nodes?

Accepted Answer

Strong Consistency

Answer

Read-Your-Writes Consistency

Answer

Monotonic Reads Consistency

Answer

Eventual Consistency

Question 21

What is the purpose of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) in the internet?

Accepted Answer

To exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.

Answer

To handle the routing of packets within a single autonomous system.

Answer

To translate domain names to IP addresses.

Answer

To provide secure communication between web browsers and web servers.

Question 22

In agile methodologies, what does the concept of "technical debt" refer to?

Accepted Answer

The accumulated cost of shortcuts taken in development that may lead to future rework or problems.

Answer

The cost of the initial infrastructure and hardware required for a project.

Answer

The time spent on documenting the system after its initial release.

Answer

The financial liabilities incurred by the project due to budget overruns.

Question 23

What is the primary function of a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

Accepted Answer

To distribute static and dynamic web content to users from geographically closer servers, improving performance.

Answer

To manage the domain name system and translate URLs to IP addresses.

Answer

To provide secure authentication and authorization for web applications.

Answer

To perform server-side rendering of web pages for better SEO

Question 24

Consider a scenario where multiple threads are trying to access and modify a shared resource. What mechanism can be used to prevent race conditions and ensure data integrity?

Accepted Answer

Mutexes or semaphores

Answer

Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation

Answer

Garbage collection

Answer

Recursion

Question 25

What is a key characteristic of "serverless computing"?

Accepted Answer

Cloud providers automatically manage the infrastructure, and users are billed based on actual resource consumption.

Answer

Servers are physically located on the user's premises for enhanced security.

Answer

Developers must explicitly provision and manage the underlying server infrastructure.

Answer

Applications run directly on the client-side without any server-side components.

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