Christopher Columbus was the first European explorer to ___________________________  the New World in 1432.

Spanish Conquistadors conquered large ___________________, such as the Aztecs in Mexico  and the Incas in South America, and established Spanish Colonies throughout the Americas.

The Columbian Exchange brought diseases like smallpox to the _____________________ populations, leading to a significant decline in their numbers.

The indigenous were indigenous people who ______________________ the Caribbean islands when Columbus arrived.

Following Columbus's voyages, a massive _________________ of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies occurred between the Old World and the New World that had profound and lasting impacts on both hemispheres.

The arrival of European explores and settlers had exposed the indigenous people to new diseases that caused  _________________________ consequences for them.

The treaty of Tordesillas signed in 1494, played a significant role in determining the areas of __________________ and colonization the European powers of America. 

The discovery of the New World brought together ________________________ cultures, languages, and religions. 

The economic policy of mercantilism, which emphasized the accumulation of wealth through trade surpluses and the establishment of colonies as sources of raw materials and markets, influenced _____________________ relations during the New World era

Indigenous peoples often resisted European colonization and expansion, leading to territorial ___________________.