Question 1

During the process of transcription in a eukaryotic cell, the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA in the

3' \rightarrow 5'

direction. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the resulting mRNA transcript and the two DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is complementary to the template strand and nearly identical to the coding strand, with the exception of uracil replacing thymine.

Answer

The mRNA is complementary to both the template and coding strands because they are antiparallel.

Answer

The mRNA is identical to the template strand and complementary to the coding strand.

Answer

The mRNA is identical to the template strand except that it contains ribose instead of deoxyribose.

Question 2

An analyst is examining a segment of DNA where the coding (non-template) strand is written as

3' \rightarrow 5'

. What would be the sequence of the mRNA produced from the corresponding template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Question 3

If a researcher determines that the template strand of a gene contains

3' \rightarrow 5'

cytosine and

24\%

adenine, which of the following can be concluded about the mRNA produced from this DNA segment?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will contain

3' \rightarrow 5'

guanine and

24\%

uracil.

Answer

The mRNA will contain

3' \rightarrow 5'

guanine and

24\%

uracil.

Answer

The mRNA will contain

3' \rightarrow 5'

cytosine and

24\%

adenine.

Answer

The mRNA sequence cannot be determined because the coding strand proportions are unknown.

Question 4

Which of the following describes the orientation and role of the DNA template strand during the synthesis of an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is read by RNA polymerase in the

3' \rightarrow 5'

direction to facilitate the synthesis of RNA in the

24\%

direction.

Answer

The template strand is read by RNA polymerase in the

3' \rightarrow 5'

direction to facilitate the synthesis of RNA in the

24\%

direction.

Answer

The template strand is redundant and is only used by the cell if the coding strand is damaged during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer

The template strand is the strand that contains the same sequence as the encoded protein's codons, while the coding strand is used by RNA polymerase.

Question 5

A mutation occurs in the DNA which changes a

3' \rightarrow 5'

triplet on the template strand to

24\%

. What is the resulting change in the mRNA codon formed during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon changes from

3' \rightarrow 5'

to

24\%

.

Answer

The mRNA codon changes from

3' \rightarrow 5'

to

24\%

.

Answer

The mRNA codon changes from

3' \rightarrow 5'

to

24\%

.

Answer

The mRNA codon changes from

3' \rightarrow 5'

to

24\%

.

Question 6

In a molecular biology lab, a student identifies a specific gene sequence. They note that the sequence of the coding strand is

3' \rightarrow 5'

. Based on this information, which of the following represents the sequence of the corresponding template strand?

Accepted Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Answer

5'-A U G C C G U A-3'

Question 7

If the sequence of the coding strand for a particular gene is

3' \rightarrow 5'

, what is the sequence of the corresponding template strand and the resulting mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

Template:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Template:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Template:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Template:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Question 8

A student describes the coding DNA strand as the 'sense' strand and the template DNA strand as the 'antisense' strand. Which of the following statements best justifies these biological nicknames?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand is 'sense' because it shares the same sequence direction and base sequence as the mRNA (with T instead of U) which 'makes sense' to the ribosome.

Answer

The template strand is 'sense' because it provides the actual surface upon which the RNA polymerase enzyme physically binds.

Answer

The template strand is 'sense' because its base sequence is identical to the amino acid sequence of the final protein product.

Answer

The coding strand is 'antisense' because it is not used by the RNA polymerase and therefore opposes the synthesis of mRNA.

Question 9

If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains

3' \rightarrow 5'

adenine, and one strand is designated as the template strand for transcription, which of the following is a true statement regarding the resulting mRNA and the DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

The total percentage of uracil in the mRNA and adenine in the coding strand must equal the total percentage of adenine in the template strand plus the percentage of thymine in the coding strand.

Answer

The coding strand sequence will be exactly identical to the mRNA sequence including the deoxyribose sugar backbone.

Answer

The mRNA transcript will always contain exactly

3' \rightarrow 5'

uracil regardless of which DNA strand is used as the template.

Answer

The template strand will contain

3' \rightarrow 5'

uracil because it is the complement to the adenine-rich coding strand.

Question 10

A researcher identifies a specific gene where the template DNA sequence is

3' \rightarrow 5'

. What will be the corresponding sequence of the coding DNA strand and the mRNA transcript produced from this gene?

Accepted Answer

Coding strand:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Coding strand:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Coding strand:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

Answer

Coding strand:

3' \rightarrow 5'

; mRNA:

24\%

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