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DNA Structure and Replication

Quiz by Missy Brewer

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28 questions
Show answers
  • Q1
    What is meant by the term “transformation” in bacteria?
    assimilation of external DNA into a cell
    the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule
    the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule
    the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule
    60s
  • Q2
    You are some kind of scientist in the future, doing an experiment in which you mix a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain and you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?
    The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.
    DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.
    Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent.
    The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.
    60s
  • Q3
    Guanine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
    42%
    8%
    31%
    16%
    60s
  • Q4
    Watson and Crick realized,after completion of their model, that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the following?
    complementary pairing of bases
    phosphate-sugar backbones
    sequence of bases
    side groups of nitrogenous bases
    60s
  • Q5
    Which of the following represents the nucleotide composition of DNA?
    A + C = G + T
    G + C = T + A
    A = G and C = T
    A = C
    60s
  • Q6
    What does "antiparallel" mean regarding the strands that make up DNA?
    Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.
    One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.
    The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
    The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
    60s
  • Q7
    Which of the following arrangements can be found in an Okazaki fragment?
    5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'
    primase, polymerase, ligase
    3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5'
    DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III
    60s
  • Q8
    A mutation in a gene called dnaB in E. coli alters the helicase that normally acts at the origin. What would occur as a result of this mutation?
    No proofreading will occur.
    The DNA will supercoil.
    No replication fork will be formed.
    Replication will occur via RNA polymerase alone.
    60s
  • Q9
    The enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction is
    primase
    DNA ligase
    DNA polymerase III
    topoisomerase
    60s
  • Q10
    The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes. What does this most probably reflect?
    that the critical function of telomeres must be maintained
    that new evolution of telomeres continues
    the inactivity of this DNA
    the low frequency of mutations occurring in this DNA
    60s
  • Q11
    How are the leading and the lagging strands different?
    the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end.
    the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.
    the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
    the leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.
    60s
  • Q12
    Why does a new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction?
    DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.
    DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template.
    Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction.
    the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end.
    60s
  • Q13
    Which of the following is the function of topoisomerase?
    elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing chain
    relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork
    unwinding of the double helix
    adding methyl groups to bases of DNA
    60s
  • Q14
    What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
    It synthesizes RNA nucleotides to make a primer.
    It joins Okazaki fragments together.
    It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres.
    It unwinds the parental double helix.
    60s
  • Q15
    Which of the following help(s) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?
    single-strand binding proteins
    primase
    DNA polymerase
    ligase
    60s

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