an endeavor to discover how nature works and use that knowledge to make predictions about natural phenomena.

Science is Based on the assumption that nature follows orderly patterns which can be understood.

Which is not part of the scientific process?

a well-tested and widely accepted hypothesis (or group of related hypothesis) that describe WHY or HOW nature works

a well-tested and widely accepted description of WHAT happens under certain natural conditions; usually includes mathematical equation(s)

Scientists report details of the methods and models used, results of experiments, and reasoning behind hypotheses to others working the same field (peers)

Uses specific observations and measurements to arrive at a generalized conclusion Builds from the ‘bottom-up’

Involves the use of logic to arrive at a conclusion based on a generalization or premise Explains from the “top-down”

New; not fully reviewed; not yet fully accepted or rejected Disagreement among professionals is normal

Widely accepted by scientists who are experts in the field Consists of data, hypotheses, theories, laws Can still change due to paradigm shift from new information

Not peer reviewed OR discredited due to peer review process

Science is limited to the natural world and cannot be applied to moral or ethical questions.

anything that has mass and volume All physical ‘things’ in the universe are matter

All matter is composed of ________________ which cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

Elements can chemically combine in various proportions to create ______________

States that all elements, and thus all matter, is made of up of atoms.

Basic building block of matter Smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still retain all of its properties

the nucleus of an atom is made up of positively charged ______________ and _____________ charged neutrons

located in a ‘probability cloud’ surrounding the nucleus; (-) charge

atomic number is equal to the number of

Atomic mass is equal to the number of

Atoms of the same element with differing # of Neutrons

Shows the number of each type of atom in a compound Uses ‘subscript’ numbers after the element symbol

atoms or compounds that have an electrical charge Can be positive charge or negative charge Charge is shown with a “superscript” number and + or – sign

a measure of the amount of H+ ions Important to the study of water in environments

an acid has a pH of

a base has a pH of

Pure water is neither acid nor base and has a pH of 7

“DOES NOT CONTAIN CARBON”

DOES CONTAIN CARBON

definite shape and volume Compact, orderly arranged atoms

definite volume and indefinite shape Atoms can flow and take the shape of a container but always have same volume

indefinite shape & volume Atoms move freely, take the shape of a container Can also fill any size container

a measure of how useful a form of matter is to humans as a resource based on resource availablity and concentration

Very concentrated (a lot of it in a small area) Typically near Earth’s surface Lot of potential human uses

Not very concentrated (little over large areas) Deep underground or Dispersed in ocean water Few potential human uses