Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support.
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Seasonal pattern of weather conditions in a large geographic area over many years; it does not change rapidly.
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A region in which yearly patterns of temperature, rainfall, and the amount of sunlight are similar throughout.
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Relationship in which 2 organisms change or adapt together over time.
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Burning of fossil fuels and wood, releasing energy and carbon dioxide.
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A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
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A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.
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Ecological relationship in which organisms compete for available resources. There are 2 types: between organisms within a population, and between different populations.
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A physical change from a gas to a liquid at cooler temperatures (the opposite of evaporation).
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Cone-bearing trees (ie: pine, or fir tree) of middle and high latitudes that are mostly evergreen and that have needle-shaped or scale like leaves. Conifers are able to withstand the long, cold winter season.
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Forest populated by cone-bearing evergreen trees; mostly found in the colder northern latitudes.
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The preservation, wise use, and protection of natural resources.
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An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
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Relationship in which behavior by two or more individuals leads to mutual benefit.
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A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water.
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Falling off or shed at a particular season, stage of growth, etc., as leaves, horns, or teeth; not permanent; transitory.
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The breaking down of matter into simpler molecules. Typically performed by bacteria.
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The zone of a lake or pond below the open water zone where no light reaches.
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Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrates into gaseous nitrogen that re-enters the atmosphere.
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A region of little vegetation, either cold or hot, that receives ten inches or less of precipitation each year, long periods without rain, deserts have extreme temperatures.
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A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment.
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A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in an ecosystem.
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An area where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from an ocean; are productive ecosystems because they constantly recieve fresh nutrients from the river and the ocean.
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A physical change from a liquid to a gas at a temperature that is lower than the boiling point.
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All of the animal life in a particular region, or period.
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All the plant life in a particular region, or period.
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A diagram that represents how energy in food flows from one organism to the next in an ecosystem.
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A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem; it contains multiple overlapping food chains.
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Large tree and plant filled area that covers 30% of Earth's land surface. Provide habitats, maintain soil, air, and water quality, acts as a carbon sink in biogeochemical cycle.
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Aquatic ecosytem that does not contain any saltwater, can be rivers, lakes, streams,ponds, and wetlands.
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Intensely cold temperatures; cold in manner; Ex. frigid zone
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A biome found in the dry temperate interiors of continents. This biome is characterized by rich soil, moderate rainfall, a hot, dry climate, thick grasses, and herds of grazing animals.
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Place where an organism lives.
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A consumer that eats only plants.
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An organism that cannot make its own food, it gets food by consuming other living things, or their by-products.
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Process of water seepage into the ground becoming ground water.
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Part of the shoreline that is under water at high tide and exposed to the air at low tide.
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A biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community.
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Shallow water near shore that receives enough sunlight to support photosynthesis. May be marine or freshwater; often flowering plants are present.
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Biome that includes open ocean, seashore, and it covers 75% of the planet. There is a very high salinity level, and a wide variety of animals
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A type of wetland featuring grasses, reeds and other plants in shallow water.
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A relationship between two species in which both species benefit.
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Area of ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf.
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An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.
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The process by which nitrites and nitrates are produced by bacteria in the soil.
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The movement of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere.
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Process in which bacteria in the soil change nitrogen gas into materials that plants can use during photosynthesis.
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A resource that cannot be reused or replaced as quickly as it is used (ex. gems, iron, copper, fossil fuels).
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All the water the covers the sea floor except for the continental shelf -water temperature is colder and pressure is greater -strange looking animals live in the dark deeper areas. (Ex. Giant Squid).
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A consumer that eats both plants and animals.
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The zone of a lake or pond that extends from the littoral zone out across the top of the water, and that is only as deep as light can reach through the water.
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Individual living thing.
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Term used when the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
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A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.
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The downward movement of water through soil and rock due to gravity.
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A layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in the tundra
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Process used by plants to capture and convert the sun's energy, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar).
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Creates soil in primary succession (lichen/moss) first species to appear on bare or rocky area.
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A general term for the tiny, free-floating or weakly swimming organisms that live in both freshwater and saltwater environments.
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A cold air mass that forms north of 50° north latitude or south of 50° south latitude and has high air pressure
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An unwanted change in the environment caused by the introduction of harmful materials, or the production of harmful conditions (chemical, biological, heat, cold, sound).
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A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
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A large area of flat land, or rolling hills covered by grasses and wild flowers but few trees.
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Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface.
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An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism to gain energy.
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An animal that hunts, and kills other animals for food.
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An organism that is hunted, killed and eaten by another organism.
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Biotic growth on newly exposed areas (bare,rocky) that were not previously occupied by soil and vegetation.
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An organism that can make its own food.
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The process of recovering valuable or useful materials from waste or scrap; the process of reusing, or remanufacturing some items.
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To cut down / back on the consumption of; or to use less of a resource.
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A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed.
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The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment; this includes breathing and cellular respiration.
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Involves using a resource over and over in the same form.
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Part of the water cycle where an excess of water runs down and does not sink into the soil and eventually makes it to the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
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A tropical / subtropical grassland biome with scattered individual trees, large herbivores, and three distinct seasons based primarily on rainfall, maintained by occasional fires and drought.
93
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A type of ecological succession that occurs where a disturbance has destroyed an existing biological community but left the soil intact.
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A group of organisms that are closely related, who can mate to produce fertile offspring. All of the cats are feline, but each cat is a different species.
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The sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community or create a community in a previously uninhabited area.
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A type of freshwater wetland that consists of spongy, muddy land full of water.
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A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
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A biome in which the winters are cold, but summers are mild enough to allow the ground to thaw, it contains mostly coniferous forests.
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Climate zones with moderate (warm) temperatures that are located between the tropics and the polar zones.
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Characterized by warm summers, cool winters, has all four seasons, year-round precipitation and fertile soil.
101
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The limit of the area that trees can grow in on Earth. Above it, it's too cold for trees to grow.
102
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A stream or river that flows into a larger river.
103
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Biome near the equator with warm temperatures, wet weather, and lush plant growth.
104
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Biome characterized by hot temperatures, large amounts of rainfall, and high biodiversity,that grows near the equator; it receives large amounts of rain, and has dense growths of tall, leafy trees; the weather is warm and wet year-round; few plants live on the dark forest floor.
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Biome that surrounds the north and south poles; treeless landscape with short, cool summers, and long, very cold winters with short periods of winter sunlight, beneath the topsoil is a layer of permafrost.
106
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The movement of water from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back.
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An ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface of the soil for at least part of the year.