Edexcel Chemistry IGCSE - Topic 1 - Principles of Chemistry

A negatively charged ion

The positive electrode. It is where negatively charged ions lose electrons in oxidation reactions. It is the electrode where oxygen is produced unless the solution contains halide ions - then the halogen is produced.

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms. Atoms contain a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.

The number of protons in the nucleus.

The negative electrode. It is where positively charged ions gain electrons in reduction reactions. It is the electrode where hydrogen is produced if the metal in the electrolyte is more reactive than hydrogen.

A positively charged ion.

A process used to separate substances in a mixture. It involves a mobile phase and a stationary phase.

A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.

A material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.

A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.

A separation technique to obtain soluble solids from solutions. The process involves heating the solution until crystals start to form, leaving the solution to cool and then filtering the formed crystals from the solution.

A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms, each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.

A solid conductive material through which electricity can flow. Positive and negative electrodes are used in electrolysis to conduct electricity.

The splitting up of an ionic compound using electricity. The electric current is passed through a substance causing chemical reactions at the electrodes which lead to the decomposition of the materials.