A paragraph is a multiple sentences that focus on a topic. 

In a paragraph, a topic:

An example of a hook is:

A  central message is what the author wants us to know or the big idea.

Examples of hooks are not jokes, quotes, facts and onomatopoeia.

A claim is:

Evidence is:

You conclude a paragraph by restating the claim.

What are character traits?

Character traits cannot change over someone's life.