Question 1

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis and promote structural changes.

Answer

To produce red blood cells for oxygen transport.

Answer

To act as the primary site for nutrient absorption.

Answer

To provide a rapid response to external stimuli through nerves.

Question 2

Which cells in the islets of Langerhans are responsible for producing insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells.

Answer

Delta cells.

Answer

Alpha cells.

Answer

Gamma cells.

Question 3

What is the normal nonfasting blood glucose range for adults and children?

Accepted Answer

80 to 120 mg/dL.

Answer

200 to 250 mg/dL.

Answer

140 to 180 mg/dL.

Answer

40 to 60 mg/dL.

Question 4

Which statement best describes Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas produces little to no insulin, requiring daily synthetic injections.

Answer

It can usually be controlled solely through diet and exercise.

Answer

The body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin produced.

Answer

It is a temporary form of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.

Question 5

What is the medical term for the excessive thirst often experienced by diabetic patients?

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia.

Answer

Polyphagia.

Answer

Polyuria.

Answer

Glycosuria.

Question 6

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is most commonly associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes.

Answer

Hyperthyroidism.

Answer

Type 2 diabetes.

Answer

Gestational diabetes.

Question 7

What characteristic breath odor is often associated with a patient in DKA?

Accepted Answer

Sweet, fruity, or like acetone.

Answer

A strong smell of ammonia.

Answer

A foul, fecal odor.

Answer

No discernible odor.

Question 8

Which condition is characterized by glucose levels >600 mg/dL and severe dehydration without significant ketosis?

Accepted Answer

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).

Answer

Insulin shock.

Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Answer

Hypoglycemic crisis.

Question 9

What is the first-line medical treatment for a responsive hypoglycemic patient who can swallow?

Accepted Answer

Oral glucose.

Answer

Intramuscular glucagon.

Answer

Subcutaneous insulin.

Answer

Intravenous D50.

Question 10

Which medication acts as an antidote for recurrent hypoglycemia caused by sulfonylureas?

Accepted Answer

Octreotide.

Answer

Epinephrine.

Answer

Glucagon.

Answer

Naloxone.

Question 11

What is a common cardiovascular effect of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Rapid pulse and increased cardiac output.

Answer

Hypotension and bradycardia.

Answer

Normal heart rate with decreased stroke volume.

Answer

Slow pulse and reduced cardiac output.

Question 12

What is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell disease.

Answer

Hemophilia A.

Answer

Thalassemia.

Answer

Von Willebrand disease.

Question 13

Which formed elements of the blood are primarily responsible for clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Platelets (thrombocytes).

Answer

Red blood cells (erythrocytes).

Answer

Plasma proteins.

Answer

White blood cells (leukocytes).

Question 14

Which disorder involves a lack of ADH effect, leading to the passage of large volumes of dilute urine?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus.

Answer

Diabetes mellitus.

Answer

SIADH.

Answer

Cushing syndrome.

Question 15

Which gland is divided into anterior and posterior regions and secretes "tropic" hormones?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland.

Answer

Adrenal gland.

Answer

Thyroid gland.

Answer

Pancreas.

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