A weekend with his son in the mountains would refresh Josh's mind and spirit.

Diagrams are drawings that show how something is made or how it works.

A telephone directory provides information and telephone numbers of persons, businesses and organizations.

Orville Wright was one of the pioneers of the Space Age.

Antarctica is a continent of beauty and danger.

Scrabble is challenging and fun.

Charles had a great birthday

Robots will look and behave much like real humans.

Seeds from Trees

How to Eat Bamboo

Panda Bear babies are weak and need a lot of care from their mother.

Shirley Chisholm's accomplished many things in her lifetime that helped people.

Yes

No

Yes, as long as you find evidence to support your theme, it is acceptable.

Greed - Characters learn a lesson from wanting too much of something

Kindness - Characters learn to be kind and see the beauty of others that's from the heart

Acceptance - Characters accept others regardless of their differences

Trust - Characters learn to trust one another and stand by someone or something through thick and thin

Honesty - Characters learn a lesson about being honest and always telling the truth

Dreams - Characters learn to follow their dreams and their heart

Cooperation - Characters learn cooperation and working together to accomplish a goal is important.

Courage - Characters learn courage is never giving up

Responsibility - Characters learn a lesson about being responsible and stepping up to do their duties

Compassion - Characters show others they care and want to make others feel better.

an idea about life.

Message

Inference

Prior knowledge

Exposition

Rising Action

Climax

Resolution

Falling Action

an opinion, where you stand on an issue

a group of sentences with a single idea or topic

imply, telling you something

descibing, a telling in words about a person, place, or thing

communicate, to say

feelings

be part of

facts, something that gives you knowledge about a subject

a written piece

not the same

Make an educated guess of what is going to take place

Result

reason something happens

a piece of nonfiction writing

Information that is printed within a box to bring the readers attention to it

tell, to give information

a nonfiction text, written to share factual information

A sentence that tells something

a goal or what needs to be accomplished

give or offer

similar

different

what something is about

for the most part

to describe or picture through the use of words

of great value

two together

connects

Give a detailed account

Important

displays

Decide by reasoning

propose

inspire with confidence

to refer to something

Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.

To point out

Show by example

typical, frequent

To stress

to help someone remember something

hire; give a job to

the person who is reading the piece, selection or text (e.g. you)

An opinion about what should be done

to mention or go back to

for the purpose of

Make clear or plain

specific instance to show something

look at it again

writer

Decide something based on values, emotion

make changes by adding or deleting text

make it better by changing it

Achieves a result.

put together

easy to understand; clear

does not have

make better

alter

go from one thing to another

put in

put something back where it belongs

find out; discover

make it right

compare two things that are alike

say the opposite

difference between things

the ways they are alike

one part of something

search for; question; discover

mental image

brief retelling of a story

make clear by using examples

comprehend

parts before or after a word that explains its meaning

explain

think

words that create a special feeling

why something is done

as stated by the author or in the text

how you say something

A part

based on truth

accept as true

Accuracy Of Sources

Analyze

Appeal To Authority

Argument

Argumentation

Author's Purpose

Bandwagon

Believability

Bias

Card Stacking Technique

Categorical Claim

Deductive Logic

Emotional Appeal

Evaluate

Evidence

Inference

Informational Text

Leading Question

Nonfiction

Opinion

Organization

Perspective

Persuade

Persuasive Techniques

Point Of View

Propaganda

Repetition

Snob Appeal

Stereotype

Testimonial

Text

Tone

Transfer

Valid

Viewpoint

This is a short conclusion to a book usually written by someone other than the author.

This is a list of written works or other sources on a particular subject.

This is done to part of a text to makes it stand out as a darker, sharper image. It is an organizational feature to locate specific information.

This is the explanation that goes with a picture or illustration.

This is the relationship between two or more events in which one event brings about another.

This is the dominant and controlling argument.

The key point made in a written passage; the chief topic.

This is the theme of a story, novel, poem, or drama that readers can apply to life.

A type of diagram that represents large amounts of information graphically to make it more understandable.

This is the arrangement of events in the order in which they occur.

This is a method of relating two or more objects in a piece of work.

This is a type of writing assignment given on the HSAP test that requires students to "build" or respond to a reading passage. The response must give specific and relevant examples from the passage. This type of writing uses a 3-point scoring rubric.

the subject matter or material pertaining to a particular area of study or the essential components of a work

the author's opinion or the perspective he/she wants to convey expressed through the thesis statement for an essay, or through a topic sentence within an individual paragraph

This is part of the plot and is made up of any events that occur after the resolution in a literary work.

This is a piece of information that is used to support a main idea.

A general term for an illustration or visual representation of information. Types of these can include tables and graphs.

These are the instructions that tell how to do something.

This is a mode of writing whose purpose is to convey information or to explain and establish the validity of an idea in a logical, clear, and concrete manner.

This is a point of view in which the story is told by one of the characters.

This is a reference, explanation, or comment placed below the text on a printed page.

This is a short introduction to a book, usually written by someone other than the author.

This is a list found in the back of a book that gives definitions of unusual or hard words found in the text.

-Depicted or represented with pictures or images. Noun- A picture, image or visual representation of information or an idea.

This is a pictorial way of representing knowledge. It is used to help organize ideas and present information.

This is a visual piece of information.

This is a title or subtitle at the beginning of a chapter, section, or unit of a text.

A drawing, painting, photograph or other visual representation made for explaining information or furthering understanding of an idea.

Directions that are clearly stated step-by-step within a passage.

This is a suggested, but not stated, definition.

This is to get a conclusion from the facts or context; to figure out what is being implied by reading between the lines.

This is the beginning of a written work that explains what will be found in the main part.

This is the central and most important idea of a reading passage.

This tells the events and actions of a story.

"Third Person __________" is a point of view in which the narrator is outside the story and knows everything about the characters and events.

This is used when details are organized by degree of impact.

This is the restatement of a written work in one's own words that keeps the basic meaning of the original work.

This the first stage in the writing process, used to focus ideas and find good topics.

This method of structuring text focuses on defining an issue, then gives a possible remedy for the issue.

This type of writing style is characterized by deep, thoughtful insights.

This is an adjective that implies a thing closely relates to or is on the same subject matter; appropriate to the situation.

This is the part of the plot where the conflict and suspense build.

This is a drawing, sketch, plan, or chart that makes something easier to understand through visual representation.

This is the chronological, or time, order of events in a reading passage.

This is a short piece of informative or descriptive material found next to a larger piece of writing, usually it is found in a box next to the main article.

This is a short title within an article that identifies the beginning of each new topic.

This is always a person, place, thing, or idea, that the sentence is about.

This is to state briefly.

These are the facts or details that back up a main idea, theme, or thesis.

This in a paragraph helps to clarify, describe, explain, or enhance the main idea of a paragraph.

This is to collect information on a topic and summarize, analyze or interpret it.

A diagram made to visually organize data in rows and columns.

This is a section found at the beginning of a text that lists the topics and page numbers in the order in which they occur in the text.

This is writing that communicates specific information about a particular subject, craft, or occupation.

These are common parts of nonfiction texts and are often used to design and organize pages. They help readers navigate the information and make predictions about what will be read.

In expository writing, this is the main point or central idea that a writer states and then endeavors to prove valid by means of a systematic argument.

This is a point of view in which the narrator is outside the story and reveals the thoughts of only one character, who is referred to as "he" or "she."

This is a representation of a sequence of events.

This is a group of words which give the reader's first impression and set the tone for the writing.

These are connecting words used to link your sentences and paragraphs together smoothly.

This is the central message of a story, poem, novel, or play that many readers can apply to their own experiences, or to those of all people.

A comparison of two unlike things without using the word like or as.

The structure of the text or how the author chooses to organize the text. (Chronological, thematical, flashback, compare/contrast etc)

Importance; How does the information matter to the piece?

the way the author feels about the subject of the literature; this isn't usually expressed through direct statements; it is usually expressed indirectly through particular word choice

The reason the author has for writing (to inform, persuade, or entertain)

A topic of discussion or writing; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work; central idea of a work of literature

A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem

In literature, the perspective from which a story is told.

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes

A comparison using like or as

All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests (ex: A "dreary" night vs. A "dark" night --> "dreary" is dark, but also suggests sadness and depression; "dark" just means there is little light)

A struggle between two opposing forces.

A struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single character

A character struggles against some outside force: another character, society as a whole, or some natural force

A retelling of the most important parts of what was read.

Intent; the reason the author wrote the piece

Communication between two or more people

to understand something without direct statements; to draw a conclusion based on evidence

to make the reader believe what the author says

to help an idea grow; to add to an idea so that it continues to make sense or grow in complexity

to grow, change

the piece of literature you just read

to communicate and to make information known

A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.

Collected body of data from observations; actual text-based moments from the text that support any idea

The main point of the selection (typically used in nonfiction text)

result; when asked how a line or figurative language effects a selection, you should analyze that line's/language's purpose - what does it add to the piece?

Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling; A word or words that are inaccurate literally but describe by calling to mind sensations or responses that the thing described evokes. Figurative language may be in the form of metaphors or similes, both of which are non-literal comparisons. Shakespeare's "All the world's a stage" is an example of non-literal, figurative language (metaphor, specifically).

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

a passage selected from a larger work

A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.

A group of lines in a poem

The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.

the literal, dictionary definition of a word

the term to use when discussing the words used by the author, otherwise known as word choice. When discussing word choice/diction you are typically answering the question, "why did the author use this particular word or phrase?"

a recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology such good vs. evil, the underdog etc

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art

The pieces of evidence that a writer uses to prove the main idea. These details can include facts, statistics, quotations, or anecdotes.

a recurring and familiar pattern in literature (i.e. good vs. bad, underdog, damsel in distress, a quest for something, flawed protagonist, etc.)

the repetition of a vowel sound in several words throughout a sentence (the night sky seemed to be crying out with sighs of sadness)

Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. (the breeze blew below)

Comparison between two things; looking for similarities (SCIENTIST : EINSTEIN :: MUSICIAN : MOZART) metaphor, simile, parable, allegory are types of analogies

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. "I am so hungry, I could eat a horse."

the atmosphere or feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage; the way the reader feels while reading the text.

T - topic/P - point/E - example/Q - quote/E - elaboration/A - analysis

words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the five senses (describes the way things look, smell, taste, feel, and sound)

a recurrent image, action, sound, symbol, etc. that has a symbolic significance and contributes toward the development of the theme; a recurring image, word, object, or situation that appears in various works or throughout the same work.

there is a contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader or audience knows to be true. The audience knows something that the character does not. (The reader knows that Juliet is alive; Romeo believes she is dead)

words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant/sarcasm. In "The Cask of Amontillado" Montresor says to Fortunato, "I drink to your long life."

an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience. (The bride leaves the wedding with a groomsman; a lady dies at her birthday party)

a character who develops or changes through the course of the story.

character who does not change much in the course of a story

This includes direct relation to the topic, currency of information, author's expertise, reputation of publication, and inclusion of supporting information.

This is to separate a whole into its parts.

This is a persuasive technique in which speaker mentions an important event or person to lend importance or credibility to his argument.

The logical, systematic presentation of reasoning and supporting evidence that proves the validity of a statement or position.

This is the kind of writing that tries to persuade readers to accept an author's opinions.

This is a persuasive technique in which the speaker tries to convince his audience that a product is good because "everyone" is buying it.

This is the ability to trust something as true or credible.

This is a prejudice that is leaning toward a positive or negative judgment on something; a personal judgment or opinion about a particular person, position, or thing.

This is a type of persuasive technique in which writers or speakers appeal to fear, anger, or joy to sway their audience.

This is placing a value or rank on a piece of writing or speaking.

This is a propaganda technique in which two things that may or may not really be similar are portrayed as being similar. When examining the comparison, you must ask yourself how similar the items are. Usually there is simply not enough evidence available to support the comparison.

This is the process of making a generalization based on a specific observation.

This is a rhetorical strategy that uses language in a way to imply or bring about a particular answer.

This is a point of view, in which the narrator is outside the story, reveals the thoughts of only one character, and yet refers to that characters as 'he' or 'she'.

These are words that have strong emotional associations.

This is the reasoning used to reach a conclusion based on a set of assumptions, or it may be defined as the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference.

This is a part of an argument that is flawed and makes the argument invalid, an error in reasoning.

This propaganda technique consists of attaching a negative label to a person or a thing. People engage in this type of behavior when they are trying to avoid supporting their own opinion with facts. Rather than explain what they believe in, they prefer to try to tear their opponent down.

This is a statement that reflects a writer's belief about a topic , and it cannot be proved.

In writing, this is the trait of order, structure and presentation of information; It is the writing trait which measures logical sequencing of ideas, details, or events.

This persuasive technique seeks to influence a person to think, feel, or act in a certain way by giving or withholding acceptance into a group that shares similarities such as age and social background. It persuades by appealing to one's desire to fit in.

This is a writer's point of view about a particular subject, and is often influenced by their beliefs or by events in their lives.

This is to convince.

This is a type of writing or speech that attempts to convince a reader to think or act in a particular manner.

These are techniques used to convince. They include repetition, sentence variety, understatement, and overstatement.

This attempts to convince a reader to adopt a particular opinion or course of action.

This is a propaganda technique that uses a folksy approach to convince us to support someone or something. These ads depict people with ordinary looks doing ordinary activities.

This is the perspective from which a story is told.

This is an extreme form of persuasion intended to prejudice and incite the reader or listener to action either for or against a particular cause or position.

These are methods and approaches used to spread ideas that further a cause - a political, commercial, religious, or civil cause.

This is a persuasive technique in which a word, phrase, or entire sentence is repeated to reinforce the speaker's message.

This is a propaganda technique used to make a person desire to be a part of an elite, upper group and not part of the masses.

This is a persuasive technique in which someone will testify that he used or bought an advertised product which did indeed help, so it will work for the reader or audience, too.

This is the main body of a piece of writing or any of the various forms in which writing exists, such as a book, a poem, an article, or a short story.

This is a propaganda technique that is an attempt to move the prestige of a positive symbol to a person or an idea.

This is a statement that is sound or just, well-founded.

This is an expression of an opinion or standpoint.

The arrangement of events in a literary work.

Two major types of conflict.

A problem or struggle within a character.

A problem or struggle between a character and someone or something outside of the character.

Establishes the setting, identifies the character, introduces the basic situation (problem may be revealed here).

Any events leading up to the climax.

Events that occur between the climax and the conclusion.

The story's end.

The quality of the story that makes the reader curious and excited about what will happen next.

An author's use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the story.

Presents events of the past in the midst of a story in the present.

The feeling created in a reader by a literary work or passage.

The attitude towards the subject and audience conveyed by the language and rhythm of the speaker in a literary work.

A person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work.

The main character in a literary work.

A character or force in conflict with the main character.

One of the qualities that makes up a character's personality.

A reason that explains, or partially explains a character's thoughts, feelings, actions or speech.

Conversation between characters.

A form of language spoken by people in particular region or group.

The special words or terms used by the members of particular profession or class.

An informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words.

The language of everyday speech, may use contractions and slang.

The standard language written communication, formal speeches and presentations; may not use contractions or slang.

The speaker or character who tells the story.

The relationship between the narrator and the story he/she is telling - the perspective from which the story is told.

Prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events.

Highly imaginative writing that has elements not found in real life.

A form of nonfiction in which a writer tells the life story of another person.

A form of nonfiction in which a writer tells his or her own life story.

A fixed, generalized idea about a character, place or situation.

Anything that stands for or represents something else.

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work or work of art.

The general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting or amusing contradictions.

An inoffensive word or term used in place of another that is felt to be offensive.

An expression having a special meaning different from the usual meanings of the words.

A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appears in conjunctions.

Writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally.

Types of figurative language.

A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two unlike subjects using like or as.

a figure of speech that makes an indirect comparison between two unlike subjects (something is describe as if it were something else).

A figure of speech that makes is an exaggeration for effect.

A figure of speech in which a non-human subject is given human characteristics.

The repetition of consonant sound at the beginning of the words.

The use of words that imitate sounds.

A division of poetry similar to a paragraph in arose

A regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or song.

The author's intent either to inform/teach, to entertain, or to persuade/convince the audience.

The fluency, rhythm and liveliness in writing that makes it unique to the writer.

Literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human voice or weakness.

Understanding gained by "reading between th lines", a judgement based on reasoning rather than direct statement.

To suggest or hint at something without stating it clearly.

Prose writing that presents and explains ideas about real people, places, objects or events.

Text that tells a first-hand account of an event; original works used when researching (letters, journals).

Text used when researching that is derived from something original (biographics, magazine, articles).

The author's method of organizing text.

A question asked in order to make a point, not to get an answer.

(Time/Order) Sequence from beginning to end. Words that signal chronological structures includes: first, then, next, finally and specific dates and times.

Text describes events and identifies or implies causal factors. Words that signal cause-effect are: therefore, because, as a result, thus, etc.

Text introduces and describes a problem and presents solution. Words that signal problem/solution is: problem, solution, target, complications, etc.

Similes, metaphors and analogies are used in compare/contrast organized structures. Words used to signal compare/contrast is: like, unlike. just as, on the other hand, etc.

Sensory details help readers visualized information. Words that signal descriptions is: next to, besides, above, etc.

Using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."

the subject that the passage/text focuses on

These are facts, information, examples, etc. that help give the reader a full understanding of the central idea. They will clarify, explain, and describe the main idea so the reader understands it fully.

After reading a piece, you summarize by shortening the text into just the most important points.

The information that helps to explain the central idea and topic.

How the author "grows" the central idea and topic throughout their piece. At the start of the text, the central idea will be unclear, but by the end of the piece the reader will have a good understanding of it.

Usually the first sentence of a body paragraph. It tells the central idea or topic of that paragraph.

If I know the ___________ ___________ I should be able to find the Central Idea

Why the person wrote the text

something I can point to to for support

true

A brief, unbiased statement explaining the important information in a text or speech.

All written work; particularly fiction, poetry or drama.

a category or type of writing (poetry, novel, informational text, etc)

the reason or goal

Writing in the usual sentence and paragraph structure; not poetry or drama.

Words that are necessary to understand the concepts taught in schools.

the author's opinion of the subject.

clearly and directly stated; denotation

not directly stated, only hinted at; connotation

The basic items that every story must include

where or when the story is located

The people or animals that are involved in the story

the problem the protagonist struggles with in the story

the high point of tension in the story, when the conflict ends.

the main idea the story tries to teach the reader

the connected sequence of events in a story

how the conflict ends after the climax occurs

proof

word choice

specific facts or opinions about something that help the reader understand it better

the overall shape or form of a writing sample