Question 1

What is the pressure of the atmosphere at sea level?

Accepted Answer

760 mmHg

Answer

540 mmHg

Answer

250 mmHg

Answer

820 mmHg

Question 2

Which of the following cells are responsible for the mucociliary clearance of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Ciliated columnar cells

Answer

Pseudostratified cuboidal cells

Answer

Cuboidal cells

Answer

Ciliated pseudostratified squamous cells

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a part of the conducting system of the pulmonary tree?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles containing goblet cells

Question 4

Which of the following statements best defines pulmonary dead space?

Accepted Answer

Areas of the pulmonary tree that are ventilated, but not perfused

Answer

A pathologic area of the lung where perfusion occurs without ventilation

Answer

Areas of thickened, fibrotic membranes in the lung that no longer expand

Answer

Areas of ischemic necrosis that can no longer participate in gas exchange

Question 5

What is the difference between the levels of carbon dioxide in the arterial and venous sides?

Accepted Answer

7 mmHg

Answer

70 mmHg

Answer

47 mmHg

Answer

17 mmHg

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding wheezing?

Accepted Answer

It is an expiratory sound.

Answer

It is an inspiratory sound.

Answer

It is an inspiratory and expiratory sound.

Answer

It is neither an inspiratory nor an expiratory sound.

Question 7

Which of the following is less likely to present with unilateral wheezing?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Foreign body aspiration

Answer

Airway mass

Answer

Airway tumor

Question 8

Which of the following transformations must occur to produce metaplasia of the trachea due to smoking?

Accepted Answer

Columnar cells to squamous cells

Answer

Ciliated columnar cells to ciliated cuboidal cells

Answer

Columnar cells to pseudostratified columnar cells

Answer

Ciliated columnar cells to non-ciliated columnar cells

Question 9

Which of the following is the most common causative agent of pneumonia in elderly, alcoholic patients?

Accepted Answer

K. pneumoniae

Answer

P. aeruginosa

Answer

S. aureus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Question 10

What is the stimulus which triggers atopic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to allergens

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Exercise

Answer

Aspirin

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics of obstructive disease is a hallmark sign of air trapping in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Increased AP diameter of the chest

Answer

Increased Reid index

Answer

Sensitivity to allergens

Answer

Increase risk of developing bacterial pneumonia

Question 12

Which of the following is true about an exudative inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Protein rich

Answer

Presence of RBCs

Answer

Specific gravity less than 1.012

Answer

Decreased oncotic pressure

Question 13

Which of the following contributes to respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypercarbia

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Metabolic compensation

Answer

Tachypnea

Question 14

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood in hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

60 mmHg or below

Answer

600 mmHg

Answer

1000 mmHg

Answer

100 mmHg

Question 15

The central receptors are extremely sensitive to changes in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Blood pressure

Question 16

Which of the following conditions does not cause dyspnea?

Accepted Answer

Increase in hemoglobin

Answer

Intake of opioids

Answer

Mitral stenosis

Answer

Decrease in hemoglobin

Question 17

Which of the following is considered as a normal cause of dyspnea?

Accepted Answer

Exercise

Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Pulmonary conditions

Answer

Left-sided heart failure

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is associated with chronic dyspnea?

Accepted Answer

COPD

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Acute pulmonary edema

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is a common non-respiratory cause of cough?

Accepted Answer

GERD

Answer

Infection

Answer

Interstitial lung disease

Answer

Asthma

Question 20

Which of the following is a prominent feature of the blood that is expectorated from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Foamy, mixed with mucus.

Answer

Dark, coffee ground like.

Answer

Projectile hemoptysis

Answer

Mixed with saliva.

Question 21

Which of the following is a common cause of hemoptysis?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Aspergilloma

Answer

Arterio-venous malformation

Question 22

Which of the following is calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate

Answer

Saturation of hemoglobin.

Answer

The partial pressure of oxygen.

Answer

Saturation of oxygen.

Question 23

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the following lab values? pH = 7.60 HCO₃ = 32 mEq/L PCO₂ = 28 mmHg

Accepted Answer

Mixed alkalosis

Answer

Mixed acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 24

Which of the following represents physiological values?

Accepted Answer

pH 7.41, PCO₂ 40 mm Hg, HCO₃ 25 mmol/L, PO₂ 99 mm Hg

Answer

pH 7.44, PCO₂ 40 mm Hg, HCO₃ 25 mmol/L, PO₂ 66 mm Hg

Answer

pH 7.40, PCO₂ 60 mm Hg, HCO₃ 25 mmol/L, PO₂ 90 mm Hg

Answer

pH 7.31, PCO₂ 40 mm Hg, HCO₃ 25 mmol/L, PO₂ 99 mm Hg

Question 25

Which of the following represents the normal value of the anion gap?

Accepted Answer

10-14

Answer

11-24

Answer

12-18

Answer

20-30

Question 26

Which of the following describes the lab values in chronic respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

Increased pH, decreased PCO2, and decreased bicarbonate.

Answer

Increased pH, decreased PCO2, and increased bicarbonate.

Answer

Increased pH, increased PCO2, and decreased bicarbonate.

Answer

Increased pH, increased PCO2, and increased bicarbonate.

Question 27

A-a gradient is used to determine which of the following?

Accepted Answer

If hypoxia is extra-pulmonary or intra-pulmonary.

Answer

Relationship between arterial pH and PO2.

Answer

If arterial blood is delivered to the peripheral tissues.

Answer

If metabolic acidosis has an anion gap or not.

Question 28

Which of the following occurs as a compensatory mechanism during a primary metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Immediate respiratory compensation.

Answer

Delayed respiratory compensation.

Answer

Immediate metabolic compensation.

Answer

Delayed metabolic compensation.

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