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EOC Review Guide - Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Quiz by Garry Hagedorn

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16 questions
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  • Q1
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal Power: Marbury v. Madison (1803)
    Established Judicial Review !!!
    This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
    Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).
    Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies. Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”
    30s
  • Q2
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal Power: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
    Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies. Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”
    This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
    Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).
    Established Judicial Review !!!
    30s
  • Q3
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal power: Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)
    Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).
    Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies. Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”
    This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
    Established Judicial Review !!!
    30s
  • Q4
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that LIMITED Civil Rights: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
    This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
    Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.
    Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).
    Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous. For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.
    30s
  • Q5
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases the LIMITED Civil Rights: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
    Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).
    This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
    Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous. For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.
    Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.
    30s
  • Q6
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that LIMITED Civil Rights: Schenck v. United States (1919)
    Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).
    Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.
    Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous. For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.
    Desegregated public schools. “Separate is NOT equal”.
    30s
  • Q7
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases: Korematsu v. United States(1944)
    Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.
    Desegregated public schools. “Separate is NOT equal”.
    Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous. For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.
    Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).
    30s
  • Q8
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights: Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
    Desegregated public schools. “Separate is NOT equal”.
    Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.
    Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.
    Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
    30s
  • Q9
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases: Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
    Desegregated public schools. “Separate is NOT equal”.
    Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
    Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.
    Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.
    30s
  • Q10
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights: Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
    Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.
    Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
    Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.
    Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.
    30s
  • Q11
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which EXPANDED Civil Rights: Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
    Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others. (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)
    Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.
    Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.
    Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
    30s
  • Q12
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which EXPANDED Civil Rights: Katz v. Ohio (1967)
    Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others. (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)
    Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.
    Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.
    Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.
    30s
  • Q13
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which EXPANDED Civil Rights: Tinker V. Des Moines (1969)
    Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.
    Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others. (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)
    Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.
    Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.
    30s
  • Q14
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights: Roe v. Wade (1973)
    ): Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others. (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)
    Flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.
    Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.
    Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.
    30s
  • Q15
    Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights: New Jersey v. T.L.O (1985)
    Flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.
    Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.
    Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.
    Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.
    30s

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