Question 1

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal Power:  Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Accepted Answer

Established Judicial Review !!!

Answer

This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.

Answer

Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).

Answer

Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies.  Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”

Question 2

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal Power:  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Accepted Answer

Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies.  Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”

Answer

This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.

Answer

Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).

Answer

Established Judicial Review !!!

Question 3

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Federal power:  Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)

Accepted Answer

Federal power to regulate commerce extends to every type of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations and between the States (not within a State).

Answer

Prohibits the States from taxing the Federal government or its agencies.  Chief Justice Marshall explained “The power to tax is the power to destroy.”

Answer

This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.

Answer

Established Judicial Review !!!

Question 4

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that LIMITED Civil Rights:  Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Accepted Answer

This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.

Answer

Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.

Answer

Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).

Answer

Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous.  For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.

Question 5

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases the LIMITED Civil Rights:  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Accepted Answer

Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.

Answer

Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).

Answer

This opinion declared that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts. In addition, this decision declared that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. The Dred Scott decision was overturned by the 13th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.

Answer

Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous.  For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.

Question 6

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that LIMITED Civil Rights:  Schenck v. United States (1919)

Accepted Answer

Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous.  For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.

Answer

Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).

Answer

Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.

Answer

Desegregated public schools.  “Separate is NOT equal”.

Question 7

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases:  Korematsu v. United States(1944)

Accepted Answer

Court upheld a military order during WWII saying “pressing public necessity may sometimes justify the existence of restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group (Japanese-Americans could be held in internment camps).

Answer

Supreme Court held that “separate but equal” facilities for African-Americans was legal.

Answer

Desegregated public schools.  “Separate is NOT equal”.

Answer

Allows the government to restrict certain types of speech deemed dangerous.  For example, people cannot yell “fire” in a theater simply to cause panic for the fun of it.

Question 8

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Accepted Answer

Desegregated public schools.  “Separate is NOT equal”.

Answer

Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.

Answer

Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.

Answer

Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.

Question 9

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases:  Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Accepted Answer

Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.

Answer

Desegregated public schools.  “Separate is NOT equal”.

Answer

Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.

Answer

Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.

Question 10

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.

Answer

Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.

Answer

Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.

Answer

Established that evidence obtained from unreasonable searches is not admissible in court.

Question 11

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which  EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Accepted Answer

Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.

Answer

Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others.  (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)

Answer

Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.

Answer

Guaranteed a defendant’s right to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.

Question 12

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Katz v. Ohio (1967)

Accepted Answer

Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.

Answer

Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others.  (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)

Answer

Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.

Answer

Established that the list of civil liberties described in the Fifth Amendment that must be read to a suspect before anything the suspect says can be used in a trial.

Question 13

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases which EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Tinker V. Des Moines (1969)

Accepted Answer

Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others.  (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)

Answer

Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.

Answer

Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.

Answer

Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.

Question 14

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Roe v. Wade (1973)

Accepted Answer

Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.

Answer

):  Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others.  (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)

Answer

Flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.

Answer

Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.

Question 15

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights:  New Jersey v. T.L.O (1985)

Accepted Answer

Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.

Answer

Flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.

Answer

Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.

Answer

Established precedent that phone calls are private. The Government’s activities in electronically listening to and recording the petitioner’s telephone conversations constituted a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment and absent a search warrant predicated upon sufficient probable cause, all evidence obtained is inadmissible.

Question 16

Explain the significance of the following Landmark Court Cases that EXPANDED Civil Rights:  Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Accepted Answer

Flag burning constitutes a form of "symbolic speech" that is protected by the First Amendment. The majority noted that freedom of speech protects actions that society may find very offensive, but society's outrage alone is not justification for suppressing free speech.

Answer

Established that students may express personal opinions as long as they do not materially disrupt class work, create substantial disorder, or interfere with the rights of others.  (i.e. they could wear black armbands protesting the Vietnam War)

Answer

Lowered the threshold for searching students from the higher standard of “probable cause” to the lower standard of “reasonable suspicion”.

Answer

Citing a woman’s fundamental right to privacy, the Court upheld a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy via abortion.

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