Question 1

Age of Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

Time period after the Middle Ages that grew out of the Scientific Revolution of 1500s.  English thinkers like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke tried to define natural rights and the purpose of government …"to protect life, liberty, and property…”

Answer

•	People who did not support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Answer

•	The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court.

Answer

•	To divide up or allocate

Question 2

Anti-Federalist

Accepted Answer

People who did not support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights.  They thought it gave too much power to the national government.  Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were leading Anti-Federalists.

Answer

Usually refers to legislative districts.

Answer

Time period after the Middle Ages that grew out of the Scientific Revolution of 1500s.

Answer

The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court

Question 3

Appellate Jurisdiction

Accepted Answer

•	The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court.
•	The U.S. Supreme Court has this jurisdiction over all Federal Courts and cases between states.

Answer

•	Also referred to as “division of powers”.
•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.
•	This prevents one part of government having all the power.

Answer

•	The first constitution of the United States.
•	Ratified in 1781.
•	It was a document that gave little power to a national government.  Most political power was reserved to the states.
•	Replaced in 1787 by current USC.

Answer

•	People who did not support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights.  They thought it gave too much power to the national government.
•	Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were leading Anti-Federalists.

Question 4

Apportioned

Accepted Answer

•	To divide up or allocate
•	Usually refers to legislative districts.

Answer

•	People who did not support the ratification of the U.S. Constitution without a bill of rights.  They thought it gave too much power to the national government.
•	Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were leading Anti-Federalists.

Answer

•	The first constitution of the United States.
•	Ratified in 1781.
•	It was a document that gave little power to a national government.  Most political power was reserved to the states.

Answer

•	The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court.
•	The U.S. Supreme Court has this jurisdiction over all Federal Courts and cases between states.

Question 5

Articles of Confederation

Accepted Answer

•	The first constitution of the United States.
•	Ratified in 1781.
•	It was a document that gave little power to a national government.  Most political power was reserved to the states.
•	Replaced in 1787 by current USC.

Answer

•	After the Civil War (1861-1865) during Reconstruction (1865-1877), laws were passed to restrict the rights of black people (and poor whites).
•	Laws that specifically discriminated against “persons of color”.
•	Related to “Jim Crow laws”.

Answer

•	To divide up or allocate
•	Usually refers to legislative districts.

Answer

•	Also referred to as “division of powers”.
•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.
•	This prevents one part of government having all the power.

Question 6

Balance of Power

Accepted Answer

•	Also referred to as “division of powers”.
•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.
•	This prevents one part of government having all the power.

Answer

•	It was a document that gave little power to a national government.  Most political power was reserved to the states.
•	Replaced in 1787 by current USC.

Answer

•	The act of a legislative body punishing someone or something without a judicial trial.

Answer

•	After the Civil War (1861-1865) during Reconstruction (1865-1877), laws were passed to restrict the rights of black people (and poor whites).
•	Laws that specifically discriminated against “persons of color”.
•	Related to “Jim Crow laws”.

Question 7

Bill of Attainder

Accepted Answer

•	The act of a legislative body punishing someone or something without a judicial trial.

Answer

•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.

Answer

•	This prevents one part of government having all the power.

Answer

•	Also referred to as “division of powers”.

Question 8

Black Codes

Accepted Answer

•	After the Civil War (1861-1865) during Reconstruction (1865-1877), laws were passed to restrict the rights of black people (and poor whites).
•	Laws that specifically discriminated against “persons of color”.
•	Related to “Jim Crow laws”.

Answer

•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.
•	This prevents one part of government having all the power.

Answer

•	Supreme Court case that said educational facilities separated due to race cannot be truly equal.  Therefore, segregation violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

Answer

•	This decision reversed the 1896 case, Plessey v. Ferguson, that established the “separate, but equal” doctrine and segregation of the races.

Question 9

Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

Accepted Answer

•	Supreme Court case that said educational facilities separated due to race cannot be truly equal.  Therefore, segregation violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
•	This decision reversed the 1896 case, Plessey v. Ferguson, that established the “separate but equal” doctrine and segregation of the races.

Answer

•	Also referred to as “division of powers”.
•	Powers of the government to make laws, enforce laws, and interpret laws is divided up.

Answer

•	An economic system in which the means of production (Land, labor, tools) are privately owned and used to make a profit in a competitive market.

Answer

•	An economic system in which the means of production (Land, labor, tools) are privately owned and used to make a profit in a competitive market.

Question 10

Capitalism

Accepted Answer

•	An economic system in which the means of production (Land, labor, means of production) are privately owned and used to make a profit in a competitive market.

Answer

•	Dedication of citizens to act for the common good, even at the cost of their own safety and happiness

Answer

•	Basic and fundamental rights of every member of a society.
•	Often referred to the rights that protect the minority from the majority

Answer

•	A system of shared and explicit political powers divided among the different branches of government so that one person or part of government cannot dominate the others.

Question 11

Checks & Balances

Accepted Answer

•	A system of shared and explicit political powers divided among the different branches of government so that one person or part of government cannot dominate the others.

Answer

•	Basic and fundamental rights of every member of a society.
•	Often referred to the rights that protect the minority from the majority

Answer

•	Dedication of citizens to act for the common good, even at the cost of their own safety and happiness

Answer

•	An economic system in which the means of production (Land, labor, tools) are privately owned and used to make a profit in a competitive market.

Question 12

Civic Virtue

Accepted Answer

•	Dedication of citizens to act for the common good, even at the cost of their own safety and happiness

Answer

•	A system of shared and explicit political powers divided among the different branches of government so that one person or part of government cannot dominate the others.

Answer

•	This decision reversed the 1896 case, Plessey v. Ferguson, that established the “separate, but equal” doctrine and segregation of the races.

Answer

•	Basic and fundamental rights of every member of a society.
•	Often referred to the rights that protect the minority from the majority

Question 13

Civil Rights

Accepted Answer

•	Basic and fundamental rights of every member of a society.
•	Often referred to the rights that protect the minority from the majority

Answer

•	The authority to carry out a task.
•	Often refers to selected people, (three or more), for a specific job

Answer

•	Dedication of citizens to act for the common good, even at the cost of their own safety and happiness

Answer

•	The rule that sets limitations on freedom of speech when it may endanger the safety of or directly harm others.

Question 14

Civil War Amendments

Accepted Answer

•	The 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments passed after the Civil War ending slavery, establishing citizenship and equal protection of the law, and all male suffrage.

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	The authority to carry out a task.
•	Often refers to selected people, (three or more), for a specific job.

Answer

•	The rule that sets limitations on freedom of speech when it may endanger the safety of or directly harm others.

Question 15

Clear & Present Danger

Accepted Answer

•	The rule that sets limitations on freedom of speech when it may endanger the safety of or directly harm others.   For example, you cannot yell "fire" in a crowded theater simply to cause panic

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	Basic and fundamental rights of every member of a society.
•	Often referred to the rights that protect the minority from the majority

Answer

•	The 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments passed after the Civil War ending slavery, establishing citizenship and equal protection of the law, and all male suffrage.

Question 16

Commander-in-Chief

Accepted Answer

Duty of the President to the the head of the U.S. Armed Forces

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.
•	A basis for the American legal system.

Answer

•	The authority to carry out a task.
•	Often refers to selected people, (three or more), for a specific job.

Question 17

Commerce Clause

Accepted Answer

Article I Section 8 Clause 3 of the Constitution:  this authorizes Congress to regulate trade among the States (but NOT within a State) and also foreign commerce. Case of Gibbons v. Ogden was the first commerce clause case.

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	The rule that sets limitations on freedom of speech when it may endanger the safety of or directly harm others.

Answer

•	The authority to carry out a task.
•	Often refers to selected people, (three or more), for a specific job.

Question 18

Commission

Accepted Answer

•	The authority to carry out a task.
•	Often refers to selected people, (three or more), for a specific job.

Answer

•	The 13th, 14th, & 15th amendments passed after the Civil War ending slavery, establishing citizenship and equal protection of the law, and all male suffrage.

Answer

•	The rule that sets limitations on freedom of speech when it may endanger the safety of or directly harm others.

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Question 19

Common Good or Common Welfare

Accepted Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	A political organization in which sovereign states combine for certain purposes…..
•	-like defense or
•	-trade

Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.

Answer

•	Permission to do something, or agreed to.

Question 20

Common Law

Accepted Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.
•	A basis for the American legal system.

Answer

•	A political organization in which sovereign states combine for certain purposes…..
•	-like defense or
•	-trade

Answer

•	What is good for the community, or nation.
•	To serve all, not just one.

Answer

•	Permission to do something, or agreed to.

Question 21

Concurrent Powers

Accepted Answer

powers that the Federal government and State governments share.  For example, the power to tax.

Answer

•	A political organization in which sovereign states combine for certain purposes

Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.

Answer

•	A basis for the American legal system.

Question 22

Confederation

Accepted Answer

•	A political organization in which sovereign states combine for certain purposes…..like defense or trade

Answer

•	A basis for the American legal system

Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.

Answer

•	Permission to do something, or agreed to.

Question 23

Consent

Accepted Answer

•	Permission to do something, or agreed to.

Answer

•	A basis for the American legal system.

Answer

•	A body of unwritten law developed in England from judicial decisions based on customs and earlier judicial decisions.

Answer

•	A plan for government.
•	A document that explains the limits on government and the rights of the citizen.

Question 24

Consent of the governed

Accepted Answer

voluntary agreement by people to organize a civil society and give some authority to a government

Answer

•	A meeting called by Congress or ¾ of the state assemblies to change the constitution.

Answer

•	One has never been called for our current constitution.

Answer

•	A document that explains the limits on government and the rights of the citizen.

Question 25

Constitution

Accepted Answer

•	A plan for government.
•	A document that explains the limits on government and the rights of the citizen.

Answer

•	We are protected by the 8th Amendment of the Constitution from punishment that is cruel or unusual in nature of the crime.

Answer

•	Document listing the reasons for the American colonies breaking away from Great Britain.

Answer

•	A meeting called by Congress or ¾ of the state assemblies to change the constitution.

Question 26

Constitutional Convention

Accepted Answer

A meeting called by Congress or 3/4 of the state assemblies to change the constitution. States send delegates to vote on issues, each state gets one vote.   It has never been called for our current constitution.

Answer

•	A government designed and ruled by a constitution.
•	Constitution is supreme law of land.

Answer

•	We are protected by the 8th Amendment of the Constitution from punishment that is cruel or unusual in nature of the crime.

Answer

•	A plan for government.
•	A document that explains the limits on government and the rights of the citizen.

Question 27

Constitutional Government

Accepted Answer

•	A government designed and ruled by a constitution.
•	Constitution is supreme law of land.

Answer

•	A meeting called by Congress or ¾ of the state assemblies to change the constitution.

Answer

•	We are protected by the 8th Amendment of the Constitution from punishment that is cruel or unusual in nature of the crime.

Answer

•	Document listing the reasons for the American colonies breaking away from Great Britain.

Question 28

Cruel and Unusual Punishment

Accepted Answer

•	We are protected by the 8th Amendment of the Constitution from punishment that is cruel or unusual in nature of the crime.

Answer

•	A person chosen to be an official representative.

Answer

•	Document listing the reasons for the American colonies breaking away from Great Britain.

Answer

•	A government designed and ruled by a constitution.
•	Constitution is supreme law of land.

Question 29

Declaration of Independence

Accepted Answer

•	Document listing the reasons for the American colonies breaking away from Great Britain.
•	Addressed to the world.
•	Written by Thomas Jefferson.
•	Approved July 4, 1776-it established the new nation of the United States.

Answer

•	Founded in1796 by those opposed to a strong national government joined. (Name was adopted in 1828.)

Answer

•	One of the first two American political parties, together with the Federalist Party.

Answer

•	Responsibilities and authorization given to a delegate, delegation, or body of government.
•	Usually specific.
•	Natural Rights philosophy state that governmental powers are delegated and come from the people.

Question 30

Delegate

Accepted Answer

person chosen to be an official representative.

Answer

•	Responsibilities and authorization given to a delegate, delegation, or body of government.

Answer

•	Natural Rights philosophy state that governmental powers are delegated and come from the people.

Answer

•	The power to govern is held by the people.

Question 31

Delegated Powers

Accepted Answer

•	Responsibilities and authorization given to a delegate, delegation, or body of government.
•	Usually specific.
•	Natural Rights philosophy state that governmental powers are delegated and come from the people.

Answer

•	Founded in1796 by those opposed to a strong national government joined. (Name was adopted in 1828.)

Answer

•	A person chosen to be an official representative

Answer

•	The power to govern is held by the people

Question 32

Democracy

Accepted Answer

•	The power to govern is held by the people.

Answer

•	Founded in1796 by those opposed to a strong national government joined. (Name was adopted in 1828.)

Answer

•	One of the first two American political parties, together with the Federalist Party.

Answer

•	Supported strong states rights and populists ideals.

Question 33

Democratic-Republican Party

Accepted Answer

•	Founded in1796 by those opposed to a strong national government joined. (Name was adopted in 1828.)
•	One of the first two American political parties, together with the Federalist Party.
•	Founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
•	Supported strong states rights and populists ideals.

Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.

Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Answer

•	Rule by one, all-powerful person or single group.

Question 34

Dictatorship

Accepted Answer

•	Rule by one, all-powerful person or single group.

Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.

Answer

•	Founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
•	Supported strong states rights and populists ideals.

Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Question 35

Double Jeopardy

Accepted Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.

Answer

•	Founded in1796 by those opposed to a strong national government joined. (Name was adopted in 1828.)

Answer

•	Rule by one, all-powerful person or single group.

Question 36

Due Process (of Law)

Accepted Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.  Means that laws must be fair, and must be enforced fairly and equally to all.

Answer

•	Rule by one, all-powerful person or single group.

Answer

•	The power to govern is held by the people.

Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Question 37

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1867) - Limited Civil Rights

Accepted Answer

This opinion expressed that slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal court (slaves were considered "property" in this opinion"

Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.

Answer

•	Chosen by the winning party in each state, the electors will meet in the state capitals on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.

Question 38

Eight principles of the Constitution

Accepted Answer

Popular Sovereignty; Republicanism; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks & Balances; Limited Government; Individual Rights; Judicial Review

Answer

Green Gummy Bears; White-powdered Doughnuts; Rock-n-Roll; John Wayne; Green Bay Packers; ZZ Top; AC/DC; Bad Company; NRA;

Answer

Popular Sovereignty; Republicanism; Federalism; Separation of Powers; Checks & Balances; Limited Government

Answer

Popular Sovereignty; Republicanism; Federalism; Double Jeopardy; Monarchy; Checks & Balances; Limited Government; Magna Carta; Individual Rights; Judicial Review

Question 39

Electoral College

Accepted Answer

•	A group of presidential electors who cast the official ballots for president of the United States.  Currently, 270 wins.
•	Each state has the same number of electors as it does members of the U.S. Congress.
•	Missouri has 10(8+2)

Answer

•	Protection from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property.
•	The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments protect our right of due process.

Answer

•	A requirement of the 14th amendment that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons.
•	A key principle of our Civil Rights.

Answer

•	On the Tuesday after the first Monday Congress adds up the electoral votes, the new President is elected.

Question 40

Electors

Accepted Answer

•	Chosen by the winning party in each state, the electors will meet in the state capitals on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.
•	They vote for candidates of President and Vice-President.
•	On the Tuesday after the first Monday Congress adds up the electoral votes, the new President is elected.

Answer

•	Rule by one, all-powerful person or single group

Answer

•	Brought to trial more than once for the same crime.
•	We are protected by the Fifth Amendment from double jeopardy.

Answer

•	To be numbered, or listed.
•	Article 1 section 8 list some specific, or enumerated powers of Congress

Question 41

Enumerated powers

Accepted Answer

•	To be numbered, or listed.  These powers are written in the Constitution.
•	Article 1 section 8 lists some specific, or enumerated,  powers of Congress such as Collect Taxes, Coin Money, & Declare War.

Answer

•	This is a law that makes an act a crime that was not a crime when committed, but enforced against someone for the action prior to the new law taking effect.

Answer

•	The clause of the First Amendment that says government may not establish an official religion.

Answer

•	A requirement of the 14th amendment that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons.
•	A key principle of our Civil Rights.

Question 42

Equal Protection of the Law

Accepted Answer

•	A requirement of the 14th amendment that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons.
•	A key principle of our Civil Rights.

Answer

•	This is a law that makes an act a crime that was not a crime when committed, but enforced against someone for the action prior to the new law taking effect.

Answer

•	The clause of the First Amendment that says government may not establish an official religion.

Answer

•	Evidence gathered unconstitutionally by law enforcement may not be used against the defendant in a trial.

Question 43

Establishment clause

Accepted Answer

•	The clause of the First Amendment that says government may not establish an official religion.

Answer

•	Cabinet level agencies of the federal government’s executive branch.

Answer

•	Evidence gathered unconstitutionally by law enforcement may not be used against the defendant in a trial.

Answer

•	A requirement of the 14th amendment that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons.

Question 44

Exclusionary Rule

Accepted Answer

•	Any evidence obtained illegally by police may not be admitted into court.
•	Reasoning:  if police know the evidence produced by an illegal search will be of no use to the prosecution they will have not motive for violating the Constitution
•	Mapp v. Ohio (1961) extended the exclusionary rule to state police searches.

Answer

•	This is a law that makes an act a crime that was not a crime when committed, but enforced against someone for the action prior to the new law taking effect.

Answer

•	Chosen by the winning party in each state, the electors will meet in the state capitals on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.

Answer

•	A requirement of the 14th amendment that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons.
•	A key principle of our Civil Rights.

Question 45

Ex Post Facto

Accepted Answer

•	“After the Fact”
•	This is a law that makes an act a crime that was not a crime when committed, but enforced against someone for the action prior to the new law taking effect.
•	By Article 1 of the USC, government may not make ex post facto laws

Answer

•	Powers of the executive branch of government
•	Some are detailed in Article 2 of the USC.

Answer

•	Evidence gathered unconstitutionally by law enforcement may not be used against the defendant in a trial.

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Question 46

Executive Departments

Accepted Answer

•	Cabinet level agencies of the federal government’s executive branch.
•	Departments of Agriculture; Commerce; Defense; Education; Energy; Health and Human Svcs; Housing & Urban Development;	Homeland Security;  Interior; Justice;  Labor;  State; Transportation; Treasury; Veteran’s Affairs

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Answer

•	Exclusive and Concurrent powers of the national and state governments.

Answer

•	America’s first “political party”,

Question 47

Executive Orders

Accepted Answer

rules issued by the President that have the force of law

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Answer

•	Powers of the executive branch of government
•	Some are detailed in Article 2 of the USC.

Answer

•	Exclusive and Concurrent powers of the national and state governments.

Question 48

Executive Powers

Accepted Answer

•	Powers of the executive branch of government
•	Some are detailed in Article 2 of the USC.

Answer

•	This is a law that makes an act a crime that was not a crime when committed, but enforced against someone for the action prior to the new law taking effect.

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Answer

•	Evidence gathered unconstitutionally by law enforcement may not be used against the defendant in a trial.

Question 49

Expressed/Delegated/Enumerated Powers

Accepted Answer

powers directly stated in the Constitution

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Answer

green gummy bears

Answer

•	Powers of the executive branch of government

Question 50

Factions

Accepted Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

Answer

•	Powers of the executive branch of government

Answer

•	Exclusive and Concurrent powers of the national and state governments.

Answer

•	America’s first “political party”, 1787 – 1826, supported the ratification of the USC.

Question 51

Federalism

Accepted Answer

A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central (national) government and several regional governments (states)

Answer

•	First Amendment sections that protects a person’s right to freely exercise their religious belief.

Answer

•	America’s first “political party”, 1787 – 1826, supported the ratification of the USC.

Answer

•	Defines citizenship as any natural born, or naturalized person in the United States.

Question 52

Federalists & Federalist Party

Accepted Answer

•	America’s first “political party”, 1787 – 1826, supported the ratification of the USC.
•	Founding fathers like Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay wrote letters to the newspapers anonymously stating reasons to support the USC; they were known as the Federalist Papers.

Answer

•	Defines citizenship as any natural born, or naturalized person in the United States.

Answer

•	Exclusive and Concurrent powers of the national and state governments.

Answer

•	A group that seeks to promote its own special interests at the expense of the common good.

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