Anything that has mass and takes up space

The smallest unit of an element composed of a specific number of protons, neutrons and electrons

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

A subatomic particle with a neutral (no) charge, that can be found in the nucleus of an atom

A negatively charged subatomic particle found in the shells surrounding the nucleus of an atom

The center of the atom, composing most of the atoms mass, and containing protons and neutrons

Orbital pathways surrounding the nucleus of the atom on which electrons travel; composes most of atoms volume

An organized chart of all the known elements arranged horizontally by increasing atomic number (protons) and vertically by similar chemical properties

The top number of an element box that indicates the number of protons (also electrons) in an atom

The bottom number in an element box, can be subtracted by the atomic number to calculate the number of neutrons

1-3 letter used to identify an element in chemical formulas and equations

Horizontal rows on the periodic table indicating the number of electron shells

Also called families, the vertical columns on the periodic tables that indicated shared chemical properties and the number of valence electrons

The electrons in the outermost shells that can be shared or exchanged to form bonds

Non reactive elements found on the far left of the periodic table, containing a full outer shell of electrons

To the left of the stair step line, they are typically shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile

To the right of the stair step line, many are gases, solids are brittle. Poor conductors. Not malleable or ductile.

On the stair step line. Semi conductors, share properties of metals and nonmetals.

Found in the center of the periodic table. Groups 3-12.

Pure substances with unique properties that are composed of the same type of atom, and cannot be broken down into a more simple substance.

Pure substance composed of one type of molecule that is a combination of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined. Has its own unique properties.

A physical combination of two or more substances

Also called a solution, particles are evenly distributed throughout.

Particles are easily distinguishable, and in a liquid larger particles settle out. Suspensions are an example.

A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Can be used to describe or identify.

The ability to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets

The ability to be pulled into a wire

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature by 1 degree Celsius. Low SH, temp increase quickly. High SH, temp increases slowly.

The ratio of mass to volume. Calculated by D=m/v. Can be used to identify matter.

Color, odor, mass, density, specific heat, malleability, ductility, conductivity, melting point, boiling point, magnetism.

Describes a substances ability to undergo a chemical reaction.

Flammability, reactivity with water/oxygen/acid/base

A change in matter, in relation to the physical properties, that does not alter the chemical composition

Melting butter, tearing paper, crushing a can, freezing water, dissolving koolaid, cutting your hair.

The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve into another substance (solvent)

A change in matter through a chemical reaction in which a new substance(s) is created, which has new properties

Copper reacts with oxygen and turns green, dying your hair, baking bread

Matter is not created or destroyed, only transformed. The amount of reactants will equal the amount of the products.

Alkali metals (group 1), halogens (group 17)

Substances that undergo a chemical reaction, found on the left side of a chemical equation

Substances formed from a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the chemical equation

Eating a balanced diet with a proper proportion of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates

Used for growth and repair

Also called fats, stored energy

Composed of glucose (sugar), they are the bodies primary source of energy

Single called organisms lacking a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Multicellular organisms with membrane bound organelles and a true nucleus

The site of cellular respiration, when glucose if oxidized to release energy in the form of ATP

Containing the DNA or eukaryotic cells, it controls cell functions

Generate proteins for cells

A semipermeable membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell

Filled with chlorophyll, a green pigment, it is the site of photosynthesis where producers generate glucose using water, carbon dioxide, and the energy of the sun

A cell process in producers (autotrophs) where the energy of the sun is used to react water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (sugar) as food. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Sunlight + carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

A chemical process in ALL living organisms where glucose (sugar) is oxidized to release energy as ATP. Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts. Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + ATP

A microscopic agent that can causes disease

A single-celled (prokaryotic) microbes, 3 shapes

A process of reproduction for bacteria that is similar to mitosis. Can occur as often as every thirty minutes, and is best in warm, moist environments

A treatment for a bacterial infection, slows or stops the reproduction of the bacteria

A non-living particle consisting of a nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coating, 4 shapes, requires a host for survival and reproduction

A method of preventing a viral disease

A eukaryotic organism that obtains nutrition through its environment or by acting as a parasite

An organism that uses a host for nutrition or habitat, but does not destroy the host because of its dependency on the organism

An organism that transmits a disease (mosquito, fly, tick, flea)

Local/regional spread of disease

Worldwide spread of disease, greatly increased by ease of world travel

Use and manipulation of cells, genes or proteins to solve problems

makes changes in the genetic material of an organism, often to obtain a desired trait

producing an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another, ex: Dolly the sheep

includes all of the living and nonliving parts of an environment, as well as the interactions among them

the living parts of an ecosystem

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

the place where an organism lives

an organisms role within the ecosystem

a group of organisms that share most characteristics and can breed with one another

all of the organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time

all of Earth's land, water and the lower part of the atmosphere

an organisms that produces its own food through the process of photosynthesis

organisms that cannot make their own food, and must obtain nutrition by eating other organisms

an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms and the wastes of living things

A network of interconnected food chains showing the flow of energy through the ecosystem

carbon moves through the air, ground and plants and animals within the ecosystem

nitrogen, used by living things to produce proteins, is recycled within the ecosystem

continuous movement of Earth's water between Earth's surface and it's atmosphere

process by which liquid water is heated and changes to a gas, rising into the atmosphere

water vapor is released through tiny openings in plant leaves

as water vapor in the atmosphere cools it changes into a liquid

water falls to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet or hail

water soaks into the ground and collects in underground layers of permeable, sedimentary rock called an aquifer

water runs downhill to the lowest elevation and collects in a body of water

organisms in an ecosystem rely on, and try to get, the same resources

organisms live in the same habitat, but rely on different resources

helpful interactions among organisms within the same ecosystem

a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not helped or harmed

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another

an area where fresh water from a river meets the salt water of the ocean forming brackish water

areas of land that drain into smaller rivers, lakes or streams that lead to a river within a river basin

all the land, and its tributaries, in which water drains to the lowest point forming a river

the measure of dissolved salts in water

cold, nutrient-rich water is brought up from the ocean floor, increasing the growth of producers, which attracts aquatic organisms

process in which bacteria use the chemicals released by vents or seeps to produce glucose without sunglight in the deep ocean

area of the open ocean where free swimming creatures live, supported by phytoplankton living at the ocean surface

area where ocean meets land, organisms survive tides, waves and currents

area where ocean floor slopes, home to coral, sea turtles, colorful fish

area of the deep ocean, extreme pressure, low temperature, no sunlight

free-floating producers of the ocean, that use photosynthesis to make food, produce the majority of the worlds oxygen

free-swimming organisms of the ocean

organisms that live on or in the ocean floor

pollution whose source can be identified, ex: oil spills, sewage leaks

pollution whose source cannot be identified, ex: runoff

1. temperature 2. dissolved oxygen 3. nitrates 4. pH 5. turbidity 6. bioindicators

a measure of the amount of sediment suspended in water (dirty), raises water temperature which decreases DO

from fertilizer runoff and animal waste, used by aquatic organisms to build proteins, excessive nitrates cause overgrowth of algae, which raises water temperature and decreases DO

a measure of how acidic/basic (alkaline) a substance is, 7 is neutral, 0-6.9 is acidic, 7.1-14 is basic

collecting, counting and categorizing living organisms (plants/animals/etc) to determine the health of a water system, the more diversity the more healthy

large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere move in many directions, driven by convection currents

belief that a single landmass, called Pangea, once existed, then broke into pieces forming the continents that have drifted to their present day locations

drilling of ice from arctic regions to study climate, weather, precipitation, and trapped atmospheric gases

area where two tectonic plates push together, if the same type of crust it will form folded mountains, if opposite types of crust it will form a subduction zone

area where two tectonic plates pull apart, forms the mid-ocean ridge, causes sea-floor spreading

area where two tectonic plates slide past each other, causes earthquakes

a break in the crust in which one piece slides relative to the other

molten rock rises into open space in sedimentary rock layers and cools

area of volcanic activity in the middle of a tectonic plate

forms when sediment is laid down in layers and the compacts and cements together

forms when melted rock cools and hardens

forms when existing rock undergoes extreme heat and pressure

preserved remains or evidence of organisms from the distant past

any method for determining the exact age of a preserved organism or rock layer

any method of determining if an event or object is older than another

states that the oldest sedimentary rock layers will always be on the bottom unless they have been disturbed by geologic forces

a fossil of a commonly found, widely distributed organism that lived in a specific time period, used for relative dating

a timeline that organizes major events of Earth's history

the earliest eon of geologic time Bacteria appear

the process by which a species changes over time

a trait that helps an organisms survive in a given environment, ex: white fur of a fox in the arctic

differences that exist naturally among a species, ex: humans have different eye colors

the process by which organisms best suited for the environment survive and reproduce

body parts with a similar structure but a different function

body parts with a similar function, but different structures

body part that no longer has a useful function in an organism

the systematic grouping of organisms based on shared characteristics

domain -> kingdom -> phylum -> class -> order -> family -> genus -> species

the ability to make things move or change, the ability to do work

energy changes from on form to another

resource that is used faster than it can be replaced

an energy resource that formed over millions of years from the decayed remains of ancient plants and animals

can be replaced as it is used, or cannot be used up

Vents that provide energy source for life in the deep ocean