Question 1

What is the primary focus of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Understanding health issues in populations

Answer

Developing new medical treatments

Answer

Conducting laboratory experiments

Answer

Identifying individual health issues

Question 2

Which of the following best defines epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

The study of health-related states in populations

Answer

The study of individual health

Answer

The study of infectious diseases only

Answer

The study of environmental health

Question 3

What is a key aspect of epidemiological research?

Accepted Answer

Data-driven science

Answer

Theoretical modeling

Answer

Qualitative analysis only

Answer

Focus on individual cases

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary use of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Developing new pharmaceuticals

Answer

Informing public health decisions

Answer

Identifying causes of disease

Answer

Evaluating prevention programs

Question 5

What is the first step in the scientific method as applied in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Observe a phenomenon

Answer

Draw conclusions

Answer

Analyze results

Answer

Formulate a hypothesis

Question 6

In formulating hypotheses, which factor is NOT typically considered?

Accepted Answer

Personal beliefs of the researcher

Answer

Existing knowledge of risk factors

Answer

Characteristics of the affected population

Answer

Observed patterns of disease

Question 7

What was the primary finding of John Snow's investigation during the London cholera epidemic?

Accepted Answer

Contaminated water as the primary agent

Answer

Poor sanitation practices

Answer

Genetic predisposition to cholera

Answer

Airborne transmission of disease

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an epidemic?

Accepted Answer

A sudden increase in disease incidence in a specific area

Answer

An outbreak of a disease that is easily controlled

Answer

A chronic condition affecting a large number of people

Answer

A disease that is always present in a population

Question 9

Which chronic disease is NOT mentioned as a focus of modern epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Heart disease

Question 10

What type of risk factor is smoking classified as?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Biological

Answer

Environmental

Answer

Social

Question 11

Which study design is best suited for establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Cohort studies

Answer

Descriptive studies

Answer

Case-control studies

Answer

Cross-sectional studies

Question 12

What is the purpose of data collection in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

To ensure data quality and reliability

Answer

To conduct laboratory experiments

Answer

To create theories about health

Answer

To gather opinions from the public

Question 13

Which statistical measure compares the risk between exposed and unexposed groups?

Accepted Answer

Relative risk

Answer

Odds ratio

Answer

Incidence

Answer

Prevalence

Question 14

Which ethical principle emphasizes doing no harm in research?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Respect for persons

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 15

What is a common form of research misconduct?

Accepted Answer

Fabrication of data

Answer

Collaboration with other researchers

Answer

Peer review

Answer

Accurate data reporting

Question 16

What is one of the criteria for co-authorship in epidemiological research?

Accepted Answer

Substantial contribution to the research

Answer

Being the first to submit the manuscript

Answer

Having a PhD

Answer

Only conducting experiments

Question 17

Which application of epidemiology involves monitoring disease outbreaks?

Accepted Answer

Disease surveillance

Answer

Health intervention evaluation

Answer

Health policy development

Answer

Resource allocation

Question 18

What emerging area of epidemiology focuses on human-animal-environment interactions?

Accepted Answer

One Health approach

Answer

Digital epidemiology

Answer

Genetic epidemiology

Answer

Environmental epidemiology

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of observational studies?

Accepted Answer

No intervention by researchers

Answer

Random assignment of participants

Answer

Controlled environment

Answer

Manipulation of variables

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the term 'prevalence' in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Proportion of a population with a condition at a specific time

Answer

Measure of association between exposure and outcome

Answer

Rate of new cases over time

Answer

Comparison of risk between groups

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