vast territory between the Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803

-map a route to the Pacific Ocean, study the geography of the territory, learn about the Indians who lived there & get them to trade with US

Shoshone Indian who helped Lewis and Clark by translating

1803 court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional

an 1807 law that imposed a total ban on foreign trade

an 1809 law that allowed Americans to carry on trade with all nations except Britain and France

practice of forcing people into military service

Shawnee Leaders who wanted unity of Native Americans against settlers worked to organize Indian nations into a confederation taught that white settlers corrupted Indian life

-first federally funded national road project begun in 1811, finished in 1818, extended from Cumberland Maryland to Illinois, made travel easier

members of Congress from the South and West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

excessive pride in one's nation

Impressments of US sailors, interference with shipping, British support of Native Americans, and warhawk pressure in Congress

1.) Native American resistance to American expansion was destroyed 2.) increase in nationalism 3. Andrew Jackson became a national hero 4. US manufacturing increased

The national anthem of the United States written by Francis Scott Key, inspired by the battle of Fort McHenry

gradual process by which machines replaced hand tools, new sources of power replaced animal & human power, people moved to cities because that's where the jobs were; economy shifted to manufacturing

An American inventor who developed the cotton gin which seeded cotton faster, Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged which sped up the process of making goods

illegally brought memorized the plans to build textile machinery from Britain to the US and established the first successful textile mill in the US

telegraph, United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)

built the steamboat Clermont that was the first commercially successful steamboat in America, could now take passengers & goods to other places faster

spinning jenny, cotton gin, using hyrdo or steam power, steam engine

money raised for a business venture

method of producing goods that brought workers and machinery together in one place

-combined spinning and weaving mills into one building so that he could turn raw cotton into finished cloth in one place, built small town around his mill & hired young women to work the mill , women lived in boarding houses, women & children made less than men, everyone worked long, hard hours, people left home to make money

movement of population from farms to cities

took away the need for animals or people to power things, made it easier & faster to manufacture

-artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River , let westerners get their goods to New York ,brought business to towns along the route, dropping shipping costs, made New York a commerce center

loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country

President Monroe's foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America

agreement proposed by Henry Clay to keep the number of slave and free states equal

any states north of this line (except Missouri) would be free states, any states south of this line would be slave states, part of the Missouri Compromise

Supreme Court ruled that only federal government could take over Cherokee land in Georgia & states had no authority over tribes

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

law passed in 1830 that forced many Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi during which 1000s of Cherokees died

conflict that began in Florida in 1817 when the Seminoles resisted removal

fought a war against the United States Army in an effort to protect his land and people; was captured by americans on his way to a peace talk

1.Land demands increased over time. 2. Immigrants seek for new opportunity in new land. 3. Discrimination by natives 4. Southerners favored expansion including slavery 5. Northerners opposed expansion that included slavery

War between Texas settlers and Mexico from 1835-1836 resulting in the formation of the Republic of Texas

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent

route to Oregon used by wagon trains in the 1800s

lost their lands, couldn't earn a living, died of disease or starvation, discriminated against by settlers

border dispute at the Rio Grande, belief in Manifest Destiny, American desire to expand into Mexican Territory

Mexico gave up California and New Mexico to the US, US paid Mexico $15 million & agreed to respect rights of Spanish speaking people

Migration of thousands of people to California in 1849 after gold was discovered there

-Economic and social differences between the North and the South , States vs. federal rights, Slaves vs. non-slave proponents, , The Growth of abolitionist movement, The election of President Abraham Lincoln.

-saw buffalo, deer, elk, antelope in the plains, bighorn sheep, pear cactus, grizzly bears in the rockies, learned about the Mandans & Shoshone, crossed the Continental Divide

information they brought back made it easier to people to move west increasing the American's land