The first Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian. He was Julius Caesar's adopted son.

People who can participate in government.

A human-made channel that carries water from distant places.

The emperor who divided the Roman Empire into two halves.

The first Christian emperor, he briefly reunited the two halves of the Roman Empire, and he moved the capital to Constantinople.

Frankish king, he built a huge kingdom in Gaul.

Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans.

The decay of people's values. Often associated with lying or cheating.

Emperor of the eastern Roman Empire, he organized all Roman laws. He also reconquered much of the Mediterranean and built Hagia Sophia.

Justinian's wife, she helped her husband rule.

The society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the western Roman Empire.

Pictures made with pieces of colored stone or glass.

Has to do with government and influence on government decisions; the science of government

To influence decision making in government

About production and consumption of goods and services.

Many territories and peoples controlled by one government

The ruler of an empire

Having to do with the Empire or Emperor

Another name for the Middle Ages.

To plunder; to steal anything of value in a destructive way

An area where borders are shifting and where peoples of different cultures lay claim to the land.

A system of government in which citizens elect leaders to make decisions for them

A person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized

Barbarian groups who attacked the city of Rome

A group of soldiers who will work for any country or employer that will pay them

City founded as the second capital of the Roman Empire; later became the capital of the Byzantine Empire

A general and progressive increase in prices

The groups of invaders who took over the Western Roman Empire

Fall of Western Roman Empire

An extreme shortage of food

Copied Greeks, arch, barrel vault, groin vault, basilica, pilasters, podium

A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.

Roman soldier

In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class.

An ordinary citizen in the ancient Roman republic

A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire.

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

An empire that, at its height, around 200 C.E., spanned the Mediterranean world and most of Europe

100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.

Under the Roman Republic, one of the two magistrates holding supreme civil and military authority. Nominated by the Senate and elected by citizens in the Comitia Centuriata, the consuls held office for one year and each had power of veto over the other.

A leader who speaks and rules with total power

Military unit consisting of 100 (later 80) soldiers under the command of a centurion.

In ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights.

Garment that adult men wore wrapped around their bodies as a symbol of Roman citizenship