The modern justice process begins with:

In the criminal justice process, a(n) __________ has to occur before a(n) __________ can take place.

About ________ percent of all criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining rather than trials.

A document that outlines the formal charge(s) against a suspect, the law(s) that have been violated, and the evidence to support the charge(s).

A crime that is punishable by a fine or by incarceration in jail for not more than a year is called a(n)________.

If a defendant waives her right to a jury trial, what type of trial will she have?

A(n) ____ is any standard or rule regarding what human beings should or should not think, say, or do under given circumstances.

Most legal excuses for criminal responsibility are based on the belief that certain offenders lack the capacity or competence or have diminished capacity or competence to form:

In most American jurisdictions, the upper age limit for juvenile delinquency is ____, and the lower limit is usually ____.

What is the Latin term for crimes that are "wrong in themselves"; crimes characterized by universality and timelessness?

Any record of crimes—such as offenses known to the police, arrests, convictions, or commitments to prison—can be considered a ____, or an estimate of crimes committed.

A(n) ____ is expressed as the number of crimes per unit of population or some other base.

What did Lombroso call a person predisposed to crime?

The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:

What do learning theorists call the presentation of a stimulus that increases or maintains a response?

Which of the following is the commission of crime subsequent to the first criminal act and the acceptance of a criminal label?

The criminal law of the United States, for the most part, is derived from the laws of:

Most of the procedural, or due process rights, given to criminal suspects or defendants in the United States are found in:

The ____ protects Americans from “unreasonable searches and seizures.”

The ____ guarantees a right to a speedy and public trial.

The ____ states that excessive bail shall not be required.

Which of the following are explorations or inspections, by law enforcement officers, of homes, premises, vehicles, or persons, for the purpose of discovering evidence of crimes or persons who are accused of crimes?

A ____ is a written order from a court directing law enforcement officers to conduct a search or to arrest a person.

Which of the following is evidence that more likely than not outweighs the opposing evidence, or sufficient evidence to overcome doubt or speculation?

The standard of proof necessary to find a defendant guilty in a criminal trial is _____.

In which of the following cases was the exclusionary rule created?

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court broaden the protection against compelled self-incrimination to cover nearly all custodial police interrogations?

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court extend the 6th Amendment right to be represented by an attorney to indigent defendants facing felony charges in state courts?

A crime is a violation of the____ of a political jurisdiction.

The vast majority of American law enforcement agencies are:

Earlier in American history, two forms of police protection began to evolve—the ____ in the villages, towns, and cities; and the ____ in the rural areas, unincorporated areas, and counties.

Early American citizens ____ the formation of the first police departments.

In the South, the earliest form of policing was the:

According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which of the following agencies or organizations has “primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting acts of terrorism”?

_____ is a model of state law enforcement services in which the agency and its officers have the same law enforcement powers as local police, anywhere within the state.

_____ is a technological and management system that aims to make the police better organized and more effective crime fighters.

The idea of ____ remains very popular in the South and the West.

For most people, the only personal experience they have with the criminal justice process is contact with a:

Which of the following is unquestionably the most time-consuming and resource-intensive task of any police agency?

Researchers discovered that ____ of citizens wait 5–10 minutes to call the police, which prevents police from catching the criminal at the scene.

With community policing:

Which of the following is currently the most complete DNA database?

Which of the following agencies has the largest AFIS?

Which of the following is the FBI's definition of terrorism?

Patrols that are “systematically unsystematic” and observant in an attempt to both deter and ferret out crime on their beats are known as random or ____ patrol.

Herbert Packer is credited with creating the crime-control model of criminal justice.

Once the defender has been sentenced, the court stage begins.

Trials are expensive and time-consuming processes.

The object of criminal justice in the United States is to prevent and control crime.

Most people in American society have never committed a crime.

The United States Constitution forbids ex post facto laws.

A theory of crime attempts to explain why or how a certain thing or certain things are related to criminal behavior.

Criminal anthropology is the study of “criminal” human beings.

Special or specific deterrence is the use of the punishment of specific individuals to prevent people in general or society at large from engaging in crime.

Psychopaths, sociopaths, or antisocial personalities are characterized by no sense of guilt, no subjective conscience, and no sense of right and wrong.

A warrant is a written order issued by a court that requires a person to appear at a certain time and place to give testimony.

An uncorroborated anonymous tip is legally admissible evidence at trial.

At the federal level, there are more than 100 law enforcement agencies.

The constable-watch system was England's earliest form of group protection.

A role expectation consists of the rights and responsibilities associated with a particular position in society.

Police administrators have long referred to investigation as the backbone of the department.

Sometimes a police officer's role may be simply to solve problems in the course of providing service.