¿Qué representa el número atómico en la tabla periódica?

El número de protones en el núcleo del átomo

El número de electrones en el átomo

La cantidad de elementos en la fila

¿Cuál es la relación entre la valencia de un elemento y su posición en la tabla periódica?

La valencia tiende a aumentar de izquierda a derecha en un período y de abajo hacia arriba en un grupo

La valencia no está relacionada con la posición del elemento

La valencia es constante en todas las filas y columnas

La valencia tiende a disminuir de izquierda a derecha en un período y de abajo hacia arriba en un grupo

¿Cuál es el radio atómico de un elemento?

La mitad de la distancia entre los núcleos de dos átomos adyacentes del mismo elemento

La distancia entre el núcleo y el electrón más externo

La cantidad de electrones en el átomo

¿Qué es un grupo en la tabla periódica?

Una columna vertical de elementos con propiedades químicas similares

Una fila horizontal de elementos con propiedades químicas similares

Un conjunto de elementos que comparten el mismo número atómico

Una región de la tabla con elementos metálicos

¿Qué información proporciona el grupo al que pertenece un elemento en la tabla periódica?

El número de electrones en la capa de valencia

El número de protones en el núcleo

Familias tabla periodica

Periodic Table Families

Families on the Periodic Table

Periodic Table Groups and Families

What is electronegativity? What element is the most electronegative? What is the trend? What is ionization energy? What is the trend? How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table? How are elements organized now? Where are the metals? Nonmetals? Metalloids? Where is the Lanthanide series and the actinide series? Why did Mendeleev leave out some elements? What can that tell us about how we place elements on the periodic table? Which element groups are located in the s-block? d-block? p-block? f-block? Where are the main properties/locations of: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, inner transition metals, and noble gasses? Families on the periodic table share what? What is electron affinity? What is the trend? (groups vs periods) What is the trend for atomic size and why? What is the trend for valence electrons and why? Explain nuclear charge and how it affects all of the trends. How does Coulombic attraction affect the trends?

Families Work! Ellen Yung had a busy day at work! She put a cast on a broken arm, used a bandage to cover a deep cut, and helped twenty patients. Ellen is a doctor for children. Customers can get sick at any time, so pediatricians work long hours. They have hard jobs. Ellen's husband works long hours, too. Steve is a firefighter. At the fire house, he makes sure the tools work properly. He checks the hoses and fire trucks. At the fire, Steve rescues people from hot flames and smoke. The firefighters all work together to put out the fire. At home, the Yung family works together too. Hanna sets the table for dinner. She also helps wash the dishes. Everyone has weekly chores. Mom and Hanna do the dusting and mopping. Dad and her brother, Zac, do the laundry. They wash, dry, and fold the clothes. Mom makes a shopping list each week. She lists items they need and things they want. A short time ago, Zac wanted a new laptop. The family needed a new washing machine. They could only spend money on one item. Both cost the same. They had to choose. Clean clothes are needed for school and work. A new laptop is nice, but did Zac need it? Ellen and Steve thought about their family's needs. They decided to buy the washing machine. Zac knows that his parents have busy jobs. They bring home money to pay for their needs and wants. They needed that washing machine. Zac still wants a laptop. The family has decided to save some money each week so they can buy it in the future.

A symbiosis (SIM-bie-OH-sis) is a close, long-term relationship between two organisms. Three examples of symbiotic relation- ships include: parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. Parasitism (PAR-uh-SIET-IZ-UHM) is a relationship in which one indi- vidual is harmed while the other individual benefits. Mutualism (MYOO-choo-uhl-IZ-uhm) is a relationship in which both organisms derive some benefit. In commensalism (kuh-MEN-suhl-IZ-uhm), one organism benefits, but the other organism is neither helped nor harmed. Parasitism Parasitism is similar to predation in that one organism, called the host, is harmed and the other organism, called the parasite, benefits. However, unlike many forms of predation, parasitism usually does not result in the immediate death of the host. Generally, the parasite feeds on the host for a long time rather than kills it. Parasites such as aphids, lice, leeches, fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes that remain on the outside of their host are called ectoparasites. Parasites that live inside the host’s body are called endoparasites. Familiar endoparasites are heart- worms, disease-causing protists, and tapeworms, such as the one shown in Figure 20-5. Natural selection favors adaptations that allow a parasite to exploit its host efficiently. Parasites are usually specialized anatomically and physiologically for a par- asitic lifestyle. Parasites can have a strong negative impact on the health and reproduction of the host. Consequently, hosts have evolved a variety of defenses against parasites. Skin is an important defense that prevents most parasites from entering the body. Tears, saliva, and mucus defend openings through which parasites could pass, such as the eyes, mouth, and nose. Finally, the cells of the immune system may attack para- sites that get past these defenses. parasite from the Latin word parasitus, meaning “one who eats at the table of another” Word Roots and Origins Tapeworms are endoparasites that can grow to 20 m or greater in length. Tapeworms are so specialized for a parasitic lifestyle that they do not have a digestive system. They live in the host’s small intestine and absorb nutrients directly through their skin. Tapeworms reproduce by producing egg-filled chambers, which are released in their host’s feces to be unknowingly picked up by a future host. FIGURE 20-5 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 404 CHAPTER 20 Mutualism Mutualism is a relationship in which two species derive some benefit from each other. Some mutualistic relation- ships are so close that neither species can survive without the other. An example of mutualism, shown in Figure 20-6, involves ants and some species of Acacia plants. The ants nest inside the acacia’s large thorns and receive food from the acacia. In turn, the ants protect the acacia from herbi- vores and cut back competing vegetation. Pollination is one of the most important mutualistic rela- tionships on Earth. Animals such as bees, butterflies, flies, beetles, bats, and birds that carry pollen between flowering plants are called pollinators. A flower is a lure for pollina- tors, which are attracted by the flower’s color, pattern, shape, or scent. The plant usually provides food—in the form of nectar or pollen—for its pollinators. As a pollinator feeds in a flower, it picks up a load of pollen, which it may then carry to other flowers of the same species. Commensalism Commensalism is an interaction in which one species benefits and the other species is not affected. Species that scavenge for leftover food items are often considered commensal species. However, a relationship that appears to be commensalism may simply be mutu- alism in which the mutual benefits are not apparent. An example of a commensal relationship is the relationship between cattle egrets and Cape buffaloes in Tanzania. The birds feed on small animals such as insects and lizards that are forced out of their hiding places by the movement of the buffaloes through the grass. Occasionally, the cattle egrets also feed on ectoparasites from the hide of the buffaloes, but the buffaloes gen- erally do not benefit from the presence of the egrets.

Familias de instrumentos musicales

Familias de palabras, vocabulario 10, curso 5

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