Farm Animals and Their Babies

Number Twelve Number Twelve Is Everywhere! We use the number twelve to help us do things every day. It helps us to count things, measure length, and tell time. Did you ever wonder why a year has twelve months? A ruler has twelve inches? A clock has twelve hours? How We Learned to Count. Long ago, people needed an easy way to count things. How many goats did they have? How many bricks did they need? They didn't have pencils, but they always had their fingers. How could their fingers help them count things? Your hand has four fingers and one thumb. Fingers bend into three parts. All of your finger parts add up to-twelve! To learn how people counted, use the thumb of your other hand. Count the parts of each finger. One, two, three, four, five, six. Using their fingers, people could count their farm animals. They might count six chickens, three sheep, and three goats. They had twelve animals! When their animals had babies, it was easy to count them, too. Using both hands, people could count to twenty-four. Twenty-four is two twelves! A Ruler Is Twelve Thumbs Long Fingers, and the number twelve, were also used to find length. An inch was the width of an adult man's thumb. A foot was twelve thumbs long. Soon, people cut twelve marks for thumb widths on a stick. It was easy to carry the stick. That stick was the first kind of twelve-inch ruler! Twelve Hours in a Day People used the number twelve to divide their days into parts, or hours, that they could count. In daylight, they watched the shadow of a stick or a sundial to know what hour it was. Twelve things are also called a dozen. We buy a dozen pencils in a box. We buy a dozen doughnuts or a dozen eggs. The number twelve helps us to do a dozen things every day!

• There are two groups of animals which are important in agriculture. • The groups are domestic and wild animals. 1. Domestic animals • These are animals which are trained to live with people in their homes. • Some examples includes : Uses of domestic animals • Source of food, for example milk, eggs and meat. • For cultural purposes, for example paying lobola. • Some are used for transport and labour. • Domestic animals can also be a source of income. 2 . Wild animals • These are animals which are found in game reserves and in the forests • They are also called game animals. • Examples of wild animals are: Uses of wild animals • Some of the wild animals give us meat, hides and ivory. • Wild animals attract visitors from other countries, so the country gets money. Wednesday 06 September 2023 Exercise: Domestic animals 1. What is a domestic animal? [2] 2. What is a wild animal? [2] 3. Name any 4 domestic animals that you know. [4] 4. State any 2 uses of domestic animals. [2] 5. Name any 3 wild animals that you know. [3] 6. Give 2 uses of wild ani mals. [2] 7. Wild animals can also be called animals. [1] • Animals, like human beings need good food to help them to grow and reproduce. • The main sources of food for animals include stock feeds, pastures, veld grass, crop remains and cereal grains. • These foods contain the most needed essential nutrients. Nutrient Function carbohydrates Gives energy Fats Give energy and warmth Proteins Helps in growth and repair of body parts Minerals Help in the formation of bones and teeth Vitamins Help develop good sight, improve fertility and help animals fight diseases Water Transports food in the body, cools the body and remove waste from the body. • Livestock are domesticated animals that are kept for food, use or for sale. • Small livestock has many uses. • They are a good source of food. • They also give us manure to use in gardens. • We get clothes and medicine as well from small livestock • Examples of small livestock are rabbits, sheep, goats and all form of poultry Poultry • All animals that are kept by farmers which have wings and feathers and lay eggs are called poultry. • They are a good source of white meat, eggs and manure. • They are also a source of income when we well them and their products. • Poultry includes chicken, guinea fowl, ducks, turkey, pigeons and quail birds. Rabbits • Rabbits have 3 known uses which are: They are kept for meat Kept for pelts. (pelt is animal skin used to make blankets, hats and jackets) They are used at agricultural shows • Rabbits are cheap to buy, easy to keep and feed. • They take about 4 months to mature. • Rabbits are fed using green vegetables and rabbit pellets. Wednesday 20 September 2023 Small livestock 1. Give 3 examples of small livestock. [3] 2. State 3 things that are provided by small livestock. [3] 3. What are the 2 uses of rabbits? [2] 4. Pelts are used to make _________________ [1] 5. State any 4 examples poultry. [4] 6. Rabbits take ___________ months to mature. [1] 7. What is poultry? • Apiculture is the keeping of bees in order for them to produce honey for sale. • Apiculture is very important because: (i) Provides honey - a valuable nutritional food (ii) Provides bees wax - which has many uses in industry Uses of wax For making candles Polish furniture Make crayons Prevent tools from rusting (iii) Honey bees are excellent pollinating agents, thus increasing agricultural yields. BEE COLONY Inhabitants of the bee colony and their roles • A honey bee colony typically consists of three kinds of adult bees: workers, drones and the queen 1. Workers • Workers are the smallest and constitute the majority of bees occupying the colony. • They do not lay eggs. • Workers have specialized structures, such as brood food glands, scent glands, wax glands, and pollen baskets. • these allow them to perform all the labors of the hive. Roles of the worker bees they forage for nectar, pollen, water, and plant sap. They clean and polish the cells. feed the brood. care for the queen. remove debris. handle incoming nectar. build beeswax combs. guard the entrance. 2. Drones • Drones (male bees) are the largest bees in the colony. • They are generally present only during late spring and summer. • The drone’s head is much larger than that of either the queen or worker. • Drones have no stinger, pollen baskets, or wax glands. • Their main function is to mate with the queen. 3 . Queen • Each colony has only one queen. • The queen is the largest of the bees in a bee colony. • The Queen Bee plays a vital role in the hive because she is the only female with fully developed ovaries. • She produces both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. • Queens lay the greatest number of eggs in the spring and early summer. • The queen also produce chemical scents that help regulate the unity of the colony. 1. What is apiculture? [2] 2. Give 3 reasons why apiculture is important in Zimbabwe. [3] 3. Name the 3 inhabitants of the bee colony. [3] 4. Briefly explain the roles of each inhabitant named in number 3. • Apart from using hand tools, farmers also use some farm implements and machinery to carry out their field work. • Machines help farmers do their work more easily and quickly. • The most common implements used by farmers to grow, harvest and transport their produces are:  mouldboard plough Cultivator Scotch cart Harrow Planter Maize sheller  combine harvesters Boom sprayers Disc harrow Spike toothed harrow KNAPSACK SPRAYER • Farming is a business. • Communal farmers grow crops and keep animal mainly for their own use. • If there is any extra they sell to get money. • Commercial farmers grow crops and keep animals for sale. • Crops and animals produced are called farm produce. • There are places were farmers have to sell their produce. • Farmers can take their produce to local markets. • A market is a place where buying and selling occurs. • Some of the local markets includes: A shopping centre A school A nearest bus stop A local village A school Local Grain Marketing Board depot (GMB) Types of farm produce Beef Fruits Mutton Eggs Vegetables Pork Milk Chicken Cereals/grains beans

Chore a household task, such as washing dishes; often assigned to children by their parents livestock farm animals rasp to make a rough, grating sound hope a wish for something to happen the way you want it to lard soft fat from a pig that is used for cooking neigh a soft, low sound made by a horse ribs the bones that protect your heart and lungs wheat the grain from grass that is used to make bread point of view the perspective from which a story is told first, second, third person the type of perspective (1st - I, me; 2nd - you; 3rd - he, she, they) narrator the person telling a story hurricane a large, powerful storm that starts over the ocean and brings in heavy rain and high winds to the land last resort a final chance to go for help levee a long wall built along a river to stop flooding; can be made of soil, rocks or concrete shelter a place where people can get food and a place to sleep when a storm threatens their home frond a large, long leaf Chinatown a part of a city that was historically home to Chinese immigrants conflict a serious disagreement society people living together in a community chaos a state of complete confusion; actions and events are out of control deport to force someone to leave a country because the person is not a citizen mass a large number of people resident someone who lives in a place status the position of a person according to the law informative a text that gives facts about something opinion a view of something based on feelings, not facts chart a visual that gives information about a topic aloft in the air plains a large area of flat land without trees researcher a person who gathers facts about a topic scale a range of numbers used as a system to measure or compare things twister another name for a tornado; a storm in which wind forms a tube that moves along the ground at high speeds and often causes damage

Administrative jobs involve performing administrative roles that support workers in the agriculture industry. b. Engineering jobs involve using high-level science and math to solve complex problems. Professionals, evaluate, design, test and install agricultural equipment and systems. c. Labor jobs require workers to perform manual tasks such as planting, harvesting, caring for animals and maintaining equipment Sales jobs are performed by professionals who are responsible for selling materials and products to customers. e. Science jobs are those of scientists who work in agriculture and specialize in crops, livestock or food production. Agricultural Jobs: a. Farm workers perform essential manual labor tasks under the supervision of farmers and ranchers. They harvest or inspect crops, assist in watering the plants, applying fertilizer and pesticides to control weeds and insects. b. Growers are responsible for taking care and raising crops that involves proper management of the growing plants and its environment to keep the crops/plants healthy. c. Grain Elevator operators assist in maintaining essential quality standards of grains by properly storing, shipping and purchasing grains. They receive incoming grain deliveries, store the grain safely and they may assist in preparing outgoing shipments, drying grain and blending different grain types. d. Agricultural equipment technicians maintain, install and repair machines and implements. They perform preventive maintenance, which may involve refueling machines, replacing batteries, changing the oil and lubricating moving parts. When they detect a malfunctioning equipment, they perform diagnostic tests and conduct necessary repairs. e. Purchasing agents are responsible for buying agricultural products and raw materials at wholesale for processing and reuse. These professionals often have to meet specific purchasing quotas for processors. They work with several farming clients, who serve as suppliers of grain, milk and other agricultural products. f. Farm warehouse managers are responsible for overseeing all activities related to storing, shipping and receiving agricultural materials. They send and receive shipments, including loading and unloading products and materials Agriculture specialists perform administrative support and clerical tasks that focus on a certain aspect of farming. Some agriculture specialists focus on storage, which requires them to work with farmers to develop high-performing crop and grain storage and inventory systems. h. Sales representatives sell materials and products to businesses and government agencies. They seek out prospective customers by attending trade shows, reviewing customer lists and following leads from existing clients. They determine customers' needs, explain how their products meet clients' needs and create packages that meet customers' budgetary and timeline needs. i. Crop managers oversee the many steps in the crop production process. They supervise seed sourcing, planting processes and scheduling as well as fertilizing, irrigation and harvesting. j. Environmental engineers use science and engineering principles to design and apply solutions to problems that occur on agricultural sites. They assess environmental conditions—including testing soil and analyzing drainage capabilities—and develop improvements. k. Feed mill managers supervise the production and storage of animal feed. They are responsible for monitoring inventory levels, scheduling feed production and inspecting the quality of the grain. These professionals set and maintain quality standards, assess and improve operating procedures and track customer complaints. l. Research scientists who specialize in agriculture often work as food scientists, who research and develop processes for manufacturing, storing and packaging food. They are responsible for developing or improving products, but some specialize in detecting contaminants or administering government regulations

DATE: Monday 6th May, 2024 CLASS: Year 5 SUBJECT: History TOPIC: Traditional Occupations of the People in the State(II) Description of Various Occupations 1. Fishing: This occupation is commonly engaged in Nigeria by the people who lived along the coast, lagoon, Delta and big rivers. These people include the Awori in Lagos, the Ijaw and Itsekiri in Delta and Bayelsa States, the Ilaje in Ondo State, the Tiv and the Idoma in Benue State, The Nupe in Niger State. Tools used by the fishermen for catching fishes are traps of different types, net, paddle and dug outs. 2. Crop Farming: This is the main occupation of the Nigeria people who live in the forest region, such as the Yoruba, the Benin, the Urhobo, and the Igbira. These people engaged in the production of both food crops (maize, cassava, vegetables, yam and okra) and tree crops (rubber, palm oil and coconuts). The methods of their farm operation are land clearing, bush burning, harvesting. 3. Animal Husbandry: This involves rearing of animals. The are two types of animal husbandry, namely domestication of animals and cattle rearing. The Fulani engaged in cattle rearing, the Yoruba, the Efik and the Tiv engage in livestock keeping. The main livestock include goats, sheep, hens, rabbit and pigeon. 4. Leather Works: This is making of leather into sandals, bags, shoes, belt etc. This occupation is mostly engaged by the Hausa people. This occupation is made possible due to the presence of abundant cattle in the area. 5. Pottery: This traditional occupation is mostly engaged by women. It exists in the area where there is abundant of clay and it is also mostly practised by the Yoruba. The materials the potter used in the production of objects are clay, water and firewood.

Agricultural Tools These are commonly light tools that are being utilized in performing farm activities. They are classified as digging tools, cutting tools, cultivating tools, harvesting tools, carpentry tools, and measuring tools. Farm Implements These are commonly made of metals that serve as accessories for draft animals or mounted to machineries. They are usually used in land preparation. Farm Equipment These are machineries used in land preparation and transportation of farm inputs and products. These machineries require highly skilled operator to properly perform their respective use/s

India Where Is It? India is a country in Asia. Much of it is surrounded by water. To the south and west is the Arabian Sea. To the south and east is the Bay of Bengal. The capital of India is New Delhi (DEL-ee). It is part of the much larger city of Delhi. More than twenty million people live in Delhi and New Delhi. People. More than one billion people live in India. Only China has more people than India. Most Indian people live in the countryside. The cities do not have as many people. They are very crowded, though. Around half of the people in India make their living from growing food. They grow crops or raise sheep, goats, and chickens for meat. They do not raise cows for meat. Most Indians are Hindu. Hurting a cow is against the Hindu religion. Land. India has many mountains and different kinds of flat land. The mountains are in the north. They are the highest in the world. Rich land covers the north of India. It was formed long ago as rivers flooded over and over. In the west is the dry desert. In the south is raised, flat land. This land takes up more than half of India. In May or June every year, winds bring a large amount of rain. This is called the monsoon season. Most of India's rain falls during this season. Celebrations People in India celebrate many special days. Diwali (dih-WAH-lee) lasts for five days. During this festival, people light small candles. They shoot firecrackers and give sweets to family and friends. Holi (HOH-lee) is a spring Hindu festival. During Holi, people celebrate the end of winter. They throw colored water and powder on each other. Animals. Many kinds of animals live in India. It is the only country in the world with both lions and tigers. Elephants live in the flat lands and forests. The mountains are home to bears, foxes, sheep, and wild goats. India is also home to the world's largest mangrove forest. Here, tigers swim with sea turtles, sharks, and crocodiles. Conclusion. India is a country of many people. People farm its rich soil to feed the nation. Its mountains and forests are home to many animals. Which part of India would you like to see?

Farm animal parasites and their control

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