When the ............. dynasty collapsed, China split into several rival kingdoms, each ruled by military leaders. Historians sometimes call the time of disorder that followed the collapse of the Han the Period of Disunion.

war was common during the Period of Disunion, peaceful developments never took place at the same time.

nomadic peoples settled in ................. China. Some Chinese people adopted the nomads’ culture, while the invaders adopted some Chinese practices.

...................... Its leaders restored order to China and began the Grand Canal , a canal linking northern and southern China.

The Sui Dynasty king was ...........

The ............. dynasty also included the only woman to rule China

............ is one of the world’s major religions, originating in India around 500 BC.

Buddhism’s status changed during the ......................, many people turned to Buddhism. They took comfort in the Buddhist teaching that people can escape suffering and achieve a state of peace.

By the end of the Period of Disunion, Buddhism was well established in ........... as a result, wealthy people donated land and money to Buddhist temples, which arose across the land. Some temples were architectural wonders and housed huge statues of the Buddha

Buddhism continued to influence life in China after the country was reunified. In fact, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhism continued to grow and spread. ................., people who travel to spread their religion, introduced Buddhism to Japan, Korea, and other Asian lands.

This golden age of Buddhism came to an end when a ................... launched a campaign against the religion. He burned many Buddhist texts, took lands from Buddhist temples, destroyed many temples, and turned others into schools.

Chinese civilization had always been based on agriculture.

In the south farmers grew wheat, barely and other grains.

Some farmers dug underground wells. A new irrigation device called the dragon backbone pump, allowed one person to do the work of several.

The population during the Tang dynasty was around 60 million and during the Song was a nearly 100 million.

China’s capital and largest city of the Tang dynasty was ............. , a huge, bustling trade center. With a population of more than a million, it was by far the largest city in the world at the time.

Cities continued to grow under the Song. Several cities, including the Song capital, ................, had about a million people. A dozen more cities had populations of close to half a million.

Construction on the canal had begun during ................ . During the Tang dynasty, it was improved and expanded. The Grand Canal allowed the Chinese to move goods and crops from distant agricultural areas into cities.

One export was especially important—.......... So valuable to the fact that Chinese tried to keep the method of making it secret.

During the Song dynasty, the Chinese developed another valuable product — a thin, beautiful type of pottery called .........

the Song invented the world’s first system of paper money in the ..........

The artists and writers of the Tang dynasty were some of China’s greatest. ........... painted murals that celebrated Buddhism and nature.

the Song period produced, ............. perhaps China’s greatest female poet.

Song artists made porcelain items covered in a pale Green glaze called ................

A man named ....... invented paper in the year 105 during the Han dynasty.

The Song dynasty also introduced the concept of paper money. People were used to buying goods and services with bulky coins made of metals such as bronze, gold, and silver.

Confucianism is the dominant philosophy in China, Confucianism is based on the teachings of Confucius.

Confucius lived more than 1,500 years before the Song dynasty. His ideas, though, had a dramatic effect on the Song system of government.

Confucius’s teachings focused on .............

Confucius’s said that people should conduct their lives according to two basic principles. These principles were ...............

After Confucius death, Confucius’s ideas were spread by his followers, but they were not widely accepted. In fact, the Tang dynasty officially suppressed Confucian ideas and teachings.

By the time of the Han dynasty, Confucianism had again come into favor, and Confucianism became the official state philosophy. During the Period of Disunion, which followed the Han dynasty, Confucianism was overshadowed by Buddhism as the major tradition in China.

As you recall, many Chinese people turned to Buddhism for war during these troubled times. In doing so, they largely turned away from Confucian ideas and outlooks. Later, during the Sui and early Tang dynasties, Buddhism was very influential.

Civil service means

To become a civil servant ..............

.............. were elite members of society. They performed many important jobs in the government and were widely admired for their knowledge and ethics.

Under the ……... Later its influence grew even more. In fact, the ideas of Neo-Confucianism became official government teachings after the Song dynasty.

Buddhism stressed a more spiritual outlook that promised escape from work

Confucius thought that everyone had a proper role to play in society. Order was maintained when people knew their place and behaved appropriately. For example, Confucius said that young people should obey their elders and that subjects should obey their rulers.

Among the nomadic peoples who attacked the Chinese were the Arabs.

For centuries, the Mongols had lived as separate tribes in the vast plains north of China.

In 1206, a powerful leader, or khan, united them. His name was Temüjin. When he became leader, though, he was given a new title: “Universal Ruler,” or Genghis Khan ( JENG-guhs KAHN).

Genghis Khan means .........

Genghis Khan organized the Mongols into a powerful army and led them on bloody expeditions of conquest. The brutality of the Mongol attacks terrorized people throughout much of Asia and ................

Genghis Khan and his army killed all of the men, women only in countless cities and villages.

In 29 years, he ruled a large part of Asia Genghis Khan then turned his attention to China.

The Mongol conquests ended with Genghis Khan’s death,

“There used to be the city of ............... in the land of ............. , but its wealth and glory ceased, and there is nothing to be seen in the city excepting smoke, ashes, and barren earth.” from “The Tale of the Destruction of .............. ,” in Medieval Russia’s Epics, Chronicles, and Tales, edited by Serge Zenkovsky

In 1260 Genghis Khan’s grandson ........... became ruler of the Mongol Empire.

............... completed the conquest of China and in 1279 declared himself emperor of China. This began the Yuan dynasty.

the Mongol Ascendancy is a period that some people also call as Mongol were ruling.

Kublai came from Mongolia but spent much of his life in China. His capital, Dadu, was near the modern city of Tianjin.

Kublai came from Mongolia but spent much of his life in China. His capital, Dadu, was near the modern city of Beijing.

Kublai Khan welcomed foreign visitors, including the Italian merchant ............... and the Arab historian Ibn Battutah.

Mogols spoke a different language, worshipped different gods, wore different clothing, and had different customs.

Kublai Khan forced the Chinese to accept Mongol ways of life.

The Mongols also placed heavy taxes on the Chinese. Much of the tax money the Mongols collected went to pay for vast public-works projects.

Mongol soldiers were sent throughout China to keep the war as well as to keep a close watch on the Chinese and stop them from fighting in the wars.

Mongol decided to invade Japan. The army sailed to Japan in 1274 and 1281. the campaigns, however, were disastrous. Violent storms and fierce defenders destroyed most of the Mongol force. Yet, the Mongol won the war

Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor of China, The Yuan dynasty that he founded ruled China from 1368 to 1644—nearly 300 years.

China proved to be one of the most stable and prosperous times in Chinese history. The Ming expanded China’s fame overseas and sponsored incredible building projects across China.

Ming, Tang and Song, all of them together, lasted for how many years .........

The ............ dynasty, the Chinese improved their ships and their sailing skills

The greatest sailor of the period was ................... Between 1405 and 1433, he led seven grand voyages to places around Asia. His fleets were huge. One included more than 60 ships and 25,000 sailors.

This amazing palace complex included hundreds of imperial residences, temples, and other government buildings. Within the buildings were some 9,000 rooms. The name “ ................... ” came from the fact that the common people were not even allowed to enter the complex. For centuries, this city within a city was a symbol of China’s glory.

Large numbers of soldiers and peasants worked to rebuild collapsed portions of walls, connect existing walls, and build new ones.

The Ming also used examinations to appoint ............ these officials were sent throughout China to investigate the behavior of local leaders and to judge the quality of schools and other institutions.

Censors had existed for many years in China, but under the Ming emperors their power and influence grew.

China entered a period of isolationism. Isolationism is a policy of avoiding contact with other countries in the Ming dynasty

In the end, this isolationism had great consequences for China. In ...... the Ming dynasty was overthrown. By the late 1800s the Western world had made huge leaps in technological progress.

Zheng He presented leaders with beautiful gifts from China. He boasted about his country and encouraged foreign leaders to send gifts to China’s emperor. From one voyage, Zheng He returned to China with representatives of some 20 nations

Zheng He’s voyages rank among the most impressive in the history of seafaring. Although they did not lead to the creation of new trade routes or the exploration of new lands, they served as a clear sign of China’s power.

Mountains cover nearly all of Japan. Only …… % of the land is flat.

Confucianism was the most important idea the Japanese borrowed from ..........

The location of Japan separated it from different countries, this is why were able to have their own ............... and society.

Prince Shotoku helped spread the religion .............. throughout Japan.

Empress Wu was a strong ............. ruler who was not well liked but brought stability to China.

The Tale of Genji is a story about a prince and his quest for love. In his search, he meets women from one social class. that was written by ........

Bureaucracy means ............................

Confucianism is a philosophy based on the ideas of the ancient ................ philosopher.

The Forbidden City that had about 9.000 rooms was only open for the ...................

His name means "the universal ruler" and he was the one who gathered the mongols together.

The one who started the Yuan dynasty was called ..............

Japan took the religion Buddhism and after developing it, they started calling it ...........

.................. attacked Japan and that was considered the reason, that made the empire collapse.

isolationism means ....................

Successfully passing the civil service examination led to a career as a Scholar official

The capital of Japan now is .........

Japan is ........ miles from Korea and ...... miles from China

The original people in Japan were called .........

The Japanese developed rituals and a religion, that was called ............

The Japanese call the soul .............

Japanese live in coastal plains so they could farm

Japanese islands are tops of undersea mountains and volcanos

The Japanese took ......... as their favorite diet.

Prince Shotoku was the one who got the religion and philosphy from Korea to Japan

Emperor Kanmu moved the Japanese capital to Heian (Kyoto) in 794

The Nobles who followed the emperor to Heian created an imperial court, to serve and advise the emperor. Lived away from .............. citizens, lived life of privilege.

A court was built in Heian (Kyoto) by the farmers and became a center of culture and learning.

Nobles had a great care in how they spoke and wrote (men in Japanese and women in Chinese

Nobels Wore ........ robes and kimonos, and accessorized in gold jewelry.

Women’s gowns often ......... layers of silk that were cut to show off all of the different layers at once.

............. wrote The Tale of Genji, often considered the world’s first full-length novel, and one of the best.

The Heian admired Chinese architecture, and modeled their city after the Chinese capital, ..........

Usually based on stories from traditional literatue, with a supernatural being transformed into a human as a hero, and narrating the story is called ..........

Which of the following correctly shows the order of dynasties in China?

Empress Wu ruled China with an iron fist. Those who threatened her power risked death. Yet she was an effective leader and appointed highly skilled officials. Make a prediction: Knowing the history of China before the Tang dynasty, what would likely have happened if Empress Wu had not been a strong leader?

During the Tang dynasty, China’s population was about 60 million. During the Song, the farmers of China fed a country of more than 100 million people. Which of the following is the best reason for the dramatic population increase?

What did Europeans learn from Marco Polo?

A northern ruler named Yang Jian unified China in 589, creating the ............ dynasty.

The Song dynasty produced ................... perhaps China’s greatest female poet.

During the Period of Disunion, the cultures of northern invaders and traditional Chinese were sometimes combined.

Under the Song, the amount of land used for agriculture decreased.

Before the Han dynasty, Confucius’s ideas were widely accepted among the Chinese.

The Chinese and the Mongols belonged to different ethnic groups.

China’s relations with other countries did not change very much during the Ming dynasty.

Why was the Tang dynasty called the golden age of Chinese civilization?

What was one invention of the Tang or Song dynasty, and how did it affect China?

Why was the Grand Canal important when China already had rivers?

What does Neo-Confucianism mean?