Smallest unit of matter that has the properties of an element

physical property of matter that causes something to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

subatomic particle in the nucleus with a positive charge and a mass of 1 AMU

subatomic particle in the nucleus with a neutral charge and a mass of 1 AMU

subatomic particle in the electron cloud with a negative charge and no mass

the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and nearly all its mass.

where electrons are when they go around the nucleus of an atom. has a negative charge.

Number of protons and neutrons

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom. Determine reactivity.

How an element combines, or bonds, with other elements and compounds.

regions around nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. 2-8-8

regions around nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found. 2-8-8

model of an atom that shows electrons in circular orbits around the nucleus

a vertical column of elements with the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties

Horizontal rows on the periodic table containing elements with the same number of orbitals

Elements that are shiny (luster), malleable , ductile, and conduct heat and electricity.

Low conductivity, not ductile, not malleable, brittle, dull

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. found on the zig-zag line.

The way a mineral reflects light

can be drawn into wires

easy to shape or bend. opposite of brittle.

two or more DIFFERENT elements bonded together.

A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

A number in front of a chemical formula that indicates how many molecules

A number written slightly below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows how many atoms of an element are in a compound.

two or more atoms bonded together

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

Makes, creates, produces; Arrow in chemical equation

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

A change in a substance that does not change its identity

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

Absorbs heat, feels cold

the process by which substances change to different substances

Releases heat, feels hot

to form a solution by mixing evenly

to rely on

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

Water that can be easily seen on Earth's surface

water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground

A man-made, underwater structure that promotes the growth of reef-dwelling aquatic organisms.

underground water that is held in the soil and in pervious rocks

Where all water runoff drains into a single body of water

living factors in the environment.

physical, not biological; not from living organisms.

An organism that makes its own food

organism that obtains energy from foods it consumes

characteristics

a group of the same species living in the same area

All the different populations that live together in an area

Natural process of evolution of organisms adapting to the environment over generations.

step by step approach to identify an organism using a series of paired descriptions

breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits

the total mass of organisms in a given area.

Coming after or later

Conditions in the environment that limit where an organisms live

Population that an area can support

succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists

reestablishment of an ecosystem where soil was left intact.

winter, spring, summer, fall

The spinning of Earth on its axis

The movement of an object around another object

an imaginary line a something spins around

lean or slant

A day when both day and night are the same length

The longest and shortest days of the year.

A sequence of moon phases as it revolves around the Earth once every 27.3 days.

The changing appearances of the Moon as seen from Earth

lighting or light

a during the first or third quarters moon when there is the least difference between high and low tide. neap tide = 90`

The time at which the tide reaches its highest level. Happens twice per day

The time at which the tide reaches its lowest level. Happens twice per day

The average level of the ocean's surface at any given time

when objects align in a straight line

when objects align to create a right angle

a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid

The direct transfer of heat by touch.

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

The flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake toward land

the flow of air from land to a body of water

A severe storm that develops over warm oceans and with 120 km/h wind spiraling in toward the very low-pressure eye

two or more atoms bonded together

sinking cool air that brings happy weather.

rising warm air that brings wet, lousy weather.

cold air moves in under a warm air mass. Brings heavy rain

warm air moves over cold air. Brings light rain and warm weather

when a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet and no movement occurs. rains for days.

warm air gets caught between two cold air masses. brings cool temperatures and large amounts of rain and snow

Process by which, the warm fluid rises and the cooler fluid sinks. occurs in a circular motion.

the amount of matter in a given space

The entire spectrum of radiation from radio waves to gamma waves

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

Highest point of a wave (peak)

Lowest point of a wave

How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time

A ball of frozen dust and rock that orbits the sun and has a tail that glows

A chunk of rock or dust in space

a small rocky body orbiting the sun.

when hydrogen atoms join together to form helium

a classification system for stars based on their color

a diagonal area on an H-R diagram that includes more than 90 percent of all stars

a very large, luminous star

A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star

A gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space

low luminosity, long lived, small radius, red - yellow

high luminosity, short lived, large radius, blue - white

A supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed about 225 million years ago.

The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.

A German scientist who proposed the theory of continental drift

Sections of the Earth's crust that move due to convection currents.

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid

earths crust located under the ocean. Thin and dense

Earth's crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20-50 km thick

created by plate tectonics and weathering; include mountains, trenches, volcanoes, ocean ridges and rift valleys

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.

The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere creating trenches and volcanic mountains.

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.

The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other

Crust and upper mantle

The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move

Form at Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries. Plates are squeezed together and pushed upward

A string of volcanoes that form as the result of subduction of one oceanic plate beneath a second oceanic plate.

Deep valley in the ocean floor that forms along a subduction zone

An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary.

A deep valley that forms where two continental plates move apart

underwater volcanoes tall enough to reach above the surface

A description of surface features and elevation of land.

The height of land above or below sea level

connects points of equal elevation

the change in elevation from one contour line to the next

change in elevation of a land surface

How steep a land form is. closer lines are steeper serfaces

picture of Earth's surface taken from a satellite

lines used on a contour map to indicate a depression (elevation going down)

Where 2 oceanic plates push against one another, causing the colder, denser, older plate to buckle up and sink into the mantle. This makes volcanic island arcs

occurs where two plates carrying continental crust push together, and build mountains.

more dense oceanic plate dives under continental plate. forms a trench. causes volcanoes, and earthquakes (Andes Mountains)

Two oceanic plates separating. New crust forms as the sea floor spreads and mid-ocean ridges form

Two continental plates move away from each other and form rift valleys

plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions. This shearing causes major earth quakes along fault lines

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

when broken down rock, sand, and soil are carried away.

When sediment is laid down in new locations.

extremely dry

The distance an object travels per unit of time

Speed in a given direction

Any change in velocity (speed or direction)

the location of an object

change in position

Line graph used to show the speed of a moving object

A visual representation of the acceleration of an object

a push or pull on an object

The combination of all forces acting on an object

forces acting on an object that combine for a net force of zero

Forces that produce a nonzero net force, will change an object's motion

tool used to measure force

Speed that does not change (net force of zero)

not moving; at rest

An object at rest/motion stays at rest/motion until unbalanced forces act upon it.

force is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

a push or pull on an object

the amount of matter in an object

The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

stored energy (gravitational, elastic or chemical)

the energy an object has due to its motion

A change from one form of energy to another

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Energy stored in chemical bonds

energy carried by an electromagnetic wave

Energy caused by the movement of electrons.

the energy associated with the motion of an object

consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Breaks down food and absorbs these nutrients into the body.

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails

enables movement of the body and internal organs

Brain, Spinal chord and nerves. It transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

removes waste from the body

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

Bones. It gives our bodies structure and protects major organs.