What is the purpose of a 'for loop' in Python?

To repeat a block of code a specific number of times

What does the variable 'i' typically represent in a 'for loop' in Python?

The current iteration of the loop

When using a 'for loop' in Python, what does the 'range' function do?

Generates a sequence of numbers

Checks the condition in the loop

What is the purpose of using a 'break' statement in a 'for loop' in Python?

To execute a specific block of code

How can you iterate over the elements of a list using a 'for loop' in Python?

for index in range(len(my_list)):

For Loops in Python

Python about turtle move forward and turning left and right, in addition to for loop

Ostinato Music Definition Ostinato (plural – ostinati or ostinatos) is an Italian word meaning obstinate or persistent and is used in music to describe a musical phrase or rhythm that is repeated persistently. The repeated pattern could be a melody, a figure in the bass – called a basso ostinato or simply a repeated rhythmic idea. An ostinato may be played for an entire piece of music or just during one section. The key aspect to remember in the definition of an ostinato is that it is a pattern that is repeated persistently in a piece of music. Rhythmic Ostinato A rhythmic ostinato is a rhythmic pattern that is persistently repeated. It will often be played on an untuned percussion instrument (e.g. snare drum, triangle, etc..). However, rhythmic ostinati can also be found in parts played on pitched instruments where the note pitch stays the same or where the pitches change as the phrase is repeated. The key characteristic is that it is the rhythm that is persistently repeated.In Maurice Ravel’s “Bolero” the use of a rhythmic ostinato brings a magical and almost hypnotic feel to the piece as the percussive pattern contrasts with the sweeping and almost improvisatory nature of the flute melody. Have a look at the pattern below and listen to its use in the audio extract: Rhythmic Ostinato Example from Ravel Bolero.A rhythmic ostinato is an excellent technique that composers use for creating drama and tension. One of the most famous examples of this is from “Mars” by Gustav Holst. Have a look/listen to the rhythmic pattern: Rhythmic Ostinato Example from Gustav Holst Mars. This rhythmic pattern is played relentlessly throughout the piece and forms the basis for the intense drama associated with the subject – Mars, the god of war! Have a listen to this extract of the piece performed by the United States Air Force Band:You can hear how the relentless sound of a rhythmic ostinato is extremely effective at building tension as the music around it changes and develops. This effect is heightened in the extract from Mars as the bass note remains on a G throughout the extract and acts as a pedal point. Not surprisingly, rhythmic ostinati are used widely in dramatic film music. Hans Zimmer is a film composer who makes considerable use of this technique across the many film scores he has written. Have a listen to the opening from his theme for the film “Pirates of the Caribbean” performed by the Auckland Symphony Orchestra:You can hear that there are a number of different ostinati in many of the different parts that are layered to produce the overall sound. Here is the rhythmic ostinato that forms the basis of the melody line: Rhythmic Ostinato Example Hans ZimmerMelodic ostinato A melodic ostinato is a repeated pattern where both the rhythm and the melody form the basis for the repeated pattern. These often occur in the bass part where they are called a basso ostinato. Basso Ostinato A basso ostinato is a repeated pattern in the bass part of a piece. This technique became particularly popular in the 17th century where a number of Baroque dances were based upon ostinati in the bass part. In dances such as the passacaglia the bass remained constant throughout the piece whilst the other parts developed. This technique is called “ground bass” and you can have a look at my lesson on ground bass for some examples of this. The most famous example of a basso ostinato is Pachelbel’s Canon in D. Ostinati Examples in Contemporary Music Rhythmic and melodic ostinatos have had a massive influence on contemporary popular music across a wide range of genres. This can be seen in 2 main ways: Riffs (short melodic phrases) – these are effectively contemporary expressions of ostinato. Loops – rhythmic and melodic phrases are repeated to create the characteristic sound of contemporary productions. As a result, you will probably be able to find examples of the use of repeated patterns/ostinati in most contemporary songs. However, there are some songs where the use of an ostinato provides the clear foundation for the song and these are useful examples to listen to. Examples of Ostinati Riffs Seven Nation Army by White Stripes The guitar riff from Seven Nation Army is one of the most famous modern guitar riffs and is used as an ostinato that plays throughout the song. It is an excellent example of a melodic ostinato:Back in Black by AC/DC The opening guitar riff in this song is another great example:Examples of Loops Loops are repeated patterns that are clearly built on the concept of ostinati. They are used widely in contemporary music. Hip hop songs often use loops as the foundation for the track. Still D.R.E by Dr. Dre ft. Snoop Dogg In this song a piano loop plays throughout the whole track and forms the foundation of the song:

In java for loop, while loop , data types, if else , if , switch case

Bonk at the Barbershop Bonk is growing. His slippers are too small. His bed is too short. Even his fur is growing! It hangs in his eyes. It flops on his shoulders. "You need a haircut, Bonk," says Jupe. "No, I don't," says Bonk. "Look what I will do instead," he says. Bonk makes a ponytail with his fur. It sticks straight up. "My fur is out of my eyes now," says Bonk. Then Bonk looks in the mirror. "Maybe there is a better idea," he says. Bonk puts his head on the floor. He puts his feet in the air. "I can stand on my head!" he says. "That will keep the hair out of my eyes," he says. Bonk stands on his head until it hurts. "Want to go for a bike ride, Bonk?" Jupe asks. "We could ride to the barbershop." "The park would be more fun," says Bonk. Bonk straps on his helmet and his backpack. "I can still see a little bit," says Bonk. He starts to pedal and does not see the bump in the road. "Watch out, Bonk!" says Jupe. Crash! Bonk falls off his bike, and skins his knee. Jupe has her first aid kit. She puts a bandage on Bonk's knee. "Jupe," says Bonk. "I think I need a haircut." "I will go with you," says Jupe. Bonk and Jupe ride to the Monster barbershoр. They look through a book that shows different haircuts. They see curly haircuts. They see spiked haircuts. They see shaved haircuts. "Which haircut do you like best?" asks Jupe. Bonk thinks and thinks. Then he pulls out a picture from his backpack. He shows it to Uzzle. "I think this is the haircut I like best," he says. "The one you've always had?" says Jupe. "The one I've always had," says Bonk. It is Bonk's turn for a haircut. He climbs up on the chair. The barber cuts and cuts. Soon there is a pile of fur on the floor. Now, Bonk does not need a ponytail. He does not need to stand on his head. "Getting a haircut was a good idea, Jupe," Bonk says. "I'm glad I thought of it!"

Striker, the stray dog Striker is a stray dog. He has no home and lives on the city streets. Striker doesn’t want to be scrawny like other strays. He looks for scraps every day. “Go away, stray dog! Don’t scratch yourself at my door”, a woman screams at Striker. Striker sleeps by a stream in a straw hut. He dreams of food scraps.

A Visit to the Desert Tim was looking forward to this vacation. Then his parents told him the family would be visiting Grandma in Nevada. Tim was unhappy. He wanted to be with his friends this summer. "Grandma is eager to see you," Mom said. "She can't wait to take you on a desert hike." The next morning Grandma met them at the airport. Then they drove to the desert. As they hiked, Grandma explained that animals enjoy the open desert space. It gives them the freedom to move from place to place. Tim learned that the animals find ways to adapt to the hot desert weather. He wondered if he could get used to the desert climate. "Wow," Tim said, "Look at that! The turtle carries its home on its back!" Grandma smiled at Tim's excitement. "Actually," she said. "That is a desert tortoise. It looks for the shade made by the shadows of rocks. That's how it cools off. He burrows underground to get away from the heat." The tortoise disappeared into its burrow. Tim leaned over the hole. He could not hear a sound. "I'll bet it likes the silence of its burrow," Tim whispered. "I think it likes its sense of safety too," Grandma added. "That's the same feeling I get at home," Tim sighed. Just then a large rabbit hopped by. Grandma explained that the jack rabbit's large ears help it stay cool. "These animals are so unlike the animals at home!" Tim said. He had forgotten about the desert heat. "Some animals stay cool by sleeping during the day. Then they hunt at night," said Grandma. A Great Horned Owl hooted above them. Grandma said, "It will soon be time for the owl to hunt." "Which means it's time for us to head back," Dad added. "Aw, this vacation is going by too fast," Tim said. They asked Tim about the heat. "What heat?" Tim asked. "I feel as fresh and cool as a new flower. I've adapted!" Everyone laughed.

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