1. Which of the following effects does weathering have on Earth’s surface?

2. The box shown below is being acted on by four forces. Three of the forces are shown. What should the magnitude of the fourth force be for the forces on the box to be balanced?

3. Luisa was investigating the effect of forces on the movement of a wood block. Her experimental design is shown below. For the block to begin move to the right, which of the following relationships must be true?

Beau wants to buy a new skateboard. He wants to find out if the size of the wheels and the type of material the board is made from affects how far he can coast on the skateboard. He decides to compare two skateboard models that are the same size but are made of different materials and have different size wheels. He pushes off as hard as he can and stands on the skateboard until the skateboard comes to a stop. He conducts five trials with each skateboard. He keeps the pavement and course constant. He finds out that he can coast farther with Model A. What can Beau conclude from his investigation?

6. A museum is designing a new exhibit for vehicle safety. They want the exhibit to be very similar to the actual conditions drivers’ experience on the road. A scientist plans to visit an area where many crashes happen to observe and study the characteristics of the drivers’ experience. Which best explains why the scientist would choose to investigate the drivers’ road experience using systematic observations rather than an experiment?

7. Devan drops balls made of various materials in a vacuum tube to test how the material of the ball affects the time it takes to fall. Vacuum tubes are devices that eliminate the effect of air resistance (a type of friction) on the balls as they fall. Each ball is dropped from the same height into the same vacuum tube. Devan measures the amount of time it takes each ball to hit the bottom of the tube resting on the floor. Which variables are held constant in this experiment?

8. A physicist wants other scientists to be able to perform the same experiment she performs in her laboratory. Which is the best way for the scientist to ensure her experiment is replicable by others?

9. Which statement below best describes the use of scientific replication?

10. Marnie went to watch her friend practice for an upcoming swimming competition. She plotted her friend’s movement for 10 minutes on the graph below. Which of the following explains what happened to the motion of Marnie’s friend between minute six and minute eight?

11. Keesha ran out of time and could not complete the lab on motion. However, she turned in the results she recorded before the class period ended. She included the graph below as part of her report. Keesha correctly predicted how long it would take the object to move 4 feet. Using the graph below, what was Keesha’s prediction?

12. Two friends want to decide whose car gets the best gas mileage. A car’s gas mileage is the number of miles a car can go for each gallon of gas it uses. They decide to fill the gas tanks of each car, a Honda Civic and Toyota Corolla, with the same amount and type of gas and compare how far each car travels before the tank reaches empty. Why is it important that the two cars get the same type of gas?

13. Anita produces this graph below showing the distance and time traveled of four wooden blocks across various surfaces. Which is the form of the investigation that would make best use of this graph?

Students record information about the motion of a marble moving in a straight line across the floor. They record their measurements in the following table. 14. Students then prepare to plot this information on a line graph. They make a line graph with time on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis. How would the motion of the marble appear on the graph they constructed?

Which of the following provides the strongest evidence that the forces acting on the marble are balanced?

16. A roller coaster manufacturer publisher wants to increase the rate at which its riders speed down the hill. Which of the following is NOT an independent (test) variable the roller coaster manufacturer could investigate?

17. Results in science are not generally accepted as being accurate until they can be verified. Which is an example of repetition in science?

18. The track team is practicing for the 200 m race. To help the coach, Sandy, and Chris time the runners. They use identical timers. For the first runner, Sandy’s time is 2 seconds faster than Chris’s time. For the second runner, Sandy’s time is 1 second slower than Chris’s time. What might account for the differences in the times that Sandy and Chris record?

19. During a tug of war, the rope accelerates towards the left. What is true about the forces acting on the rope?

20. Using the graph below, identify what is happening to the object at C?