MOST are multicellular. Heterotrophic decomposers, parasites, or mutualists that get nutrients from almost anything by extracellular digestion. Have filamentous bodies (hyphae).

Cell walls of chitin which is more resistant to decomposition by bacteria.

Classified by how they reproduce and produce spores.

Slender filaments composing the body of the fungus. Each filament is made up of many cells.

Tangled mass of underground hyphae Producing high surface area to volume ratio to absorb food from the environment.

Incomplete barrier between cells of hyphae allowing cytoplasm and other cells to follow. Often these are missing. In such fungi, each hyphae is like a single cell with many nuclei.

Reproductive structure

Reproduce by budding, fragmentation, or releasing haploid spores.

A. Asexually form at the tips of hyphae.

See image

Two Hyphae of different "mating types" join together and produce a zygospore between them (like a fertilized egg in animals). Out of the fused hyphae grows anew type of hyphae, with two nuclei per cell, one from each parent (sometimes called a dikaryotic hyphae). This sexual hyphae then gives rise to many spores, which fall off and "sprout" into new hyphae. Sometimes, the sexual hyphae divides, branches, and produces a large sporocarp or "fruiting body".

Fused hyphae with two new nuclei per cell, one from each parent.

Fruiting body.

Spores can be carried great distances in the air since they are light. When spores land in a suitable place, they divide forming new hyphae.

A resting spore that contains zygotes formed during the sexual phase of the mold's life cycle.

"common mold"- these spores are produced on stalk called sporangia

"club fungus"- these spores are produced on club-shaped structures called basidia

"sac fungus"- these spores are produced in mycroscopic sacs

Name of the tiny spores formed in asexual reproduction. They are formed at the tips of specialized hyphaes called conidiophores.

Forms within the fruiting body of the Ascomycota

In most ascomycetes, meiosis is followed by a cycle of mitosis, so that eight cells known as ascospores are produced.

Unicellular fungi used by humans for baking and brewing. A type of ascomycete because they form asci with ascospores during the sexual phase of their life cycle.

Asexual process by which yeasts increase in number

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.

"imperfect fungi"- no sexual reproduction. Thought to be sac fungi that lost ability to sexually reproduce.

Baking, brewing, wine making

See image

See image

See image

Lichens and Mycorrhizae

Protects and provides water and mineral nutrients and is a photosynthetic partner (makes food). They are tough and can survive in very harsh environments.

They enable most plants to grow well. Aid in transferring minerals from the soil into the roots of plants.

Athlete's Foot, Ringworm, Chestnut Blight, Thrush, Dutch Elm Disease

Many plants have fungi that grow inside their roots- the fungi get nutrients from the plants, and the plant gets certain minerals from the fungus.Such fungi are called Mycorrhizae.

Fungal Mycelium. Covers 2200 acres (3.5 sq. miles, 1665 football fields, or six UCA campuses) found in Malheur National Forest in Oregon.

Eukaryotic (have nuclei and mitochondria)

Multicellular (most)

Heterotrophic

CO2

Digestive Enzymes

Both (asexually and sexually)

Vegetative and Reproductive

On the top of the fungi, above ground.

zygomycota, ascomycaota, badiomycota, deuteromycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Zygomycota

Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota

By their Reproductive System

Decomposers and recyclers

-Yeast: baking and brewing

See image

See image

Tiny filaments which are tangled into a larger mass; food source

See image

Mass of hyphae; the vegetative part of a fungus

Underground or imbedded in a food source

Common molds

See image

Sac fungi

See image

See image

Club fungi

See image

See image

Imperfect Fungi (can only reproduce asexually)

See image

The study of fungi

-Eukaryotic

See image

See image

See image

See image

See image

See image

Provide support for cell walls (found in insects)

The wall between hyphae

-fragmentation

See image

See image

-lichen

See image

Fungus + plant

See image

See image

Fungus + photosynthetic organisms

See image

Those not having to do with reproduction; the part's we don't see

the parts we do see; are used to group fungi into four different phyla

Provide support for cell walls (found in plants)

Heterotrophs that feed by absorption. Decomposers and sympbionts. Break down complex molecules with enzymes.

mostly multicellular filaments, few are single cell.

networks of branched hyphae

have specialized haphae that enable them to form mutually beneficial relationship with plants.

Main constituent of fungal cell wall

produce through sexual or asexual life cycles.

cytoplasmic fusion, fusion of ascospores. sexual cycle

Nuclear fusion, sexual. Diploid phase is short lived and undergoes meiosis, producing haploid spores.

has n intervening heterokaryotic (different nuclei) stage with cells have haploid nuclei form two parents.

(yeast) is asymmetrical split budding, haplotonic organism most of it's life is in haploid stage.

aquatic, single celled, flagellated protist

unicellular parasites in animal hosts. Lack mitochondria and possesses mitosomes. Produce highly resistant spores that survive outside the hose for up to several years.

almong earliest colonizers of land, as symbionts with land plants

Chytridiomycota

See image

See image

See image

See image

flagellated spores, only fungi with spores. Zoospores pathogenic flagellum.

pathogen contributing to the cause of worldwide amphibian declines

African clawed frog use for pregnancy tests

Zygote fungi, resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage. ex.Pilobus Cyrstallinus, Rhizopus stolonifer

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plants. symbionts. Endothrophic penetrate root cells, ectopthropic surround the root cells. "Arbor" or tree like

sac fungi, sexual spores called ascospores borne internally in sacs called asci, Asexual spores are called conidia.

Chesnut blight

See image

See image

causes Ergotism, St. Anthony's Fire, Salem Witch Trials

sponge-like mushrooms / belong to group of not true mushrooms - ascomycota

fruiting body of subterranean ascomycota fungi

elaborate fruiting body (basidiocarp) containing many basidia that produce sexual spores (basidiospores) Mushrooms.

represent symbiotic relationships between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner

symbiotic between bacterium and fungi

30% fungal parasites

chitin

flagellated spores in chytrids

an organism that cannot make its own food

absorbs food from living organisms. feed on animals eg athletes foot

absorbs food from dead organisms, found in soil or dead animals. is a decomposer eg mushrooms

mushrooms and underground truffles

death cap mushroom and destroying angel mushroom

A fungus that grows on bread and other starchy food.