Is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms. The specific kind of symbiosis depends on whether either or both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Organisms that compete for the same resources in the same place and at the same time. 

One species survives on consuming the other species

Are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt, such as those found in or near the ocean. 

Are barren areas of land characterized by extremely high or low temperatures, with low rainfall and scarce or no vegetation. 

These are the some of the world's wettest ecosystems.

Ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is scant.

Covered with snow for much of the year, but summer brings bursts of wildflowers.

A forest of the cold, subarctic region. The subarctic is an area of the Northern Hemisphere that lies just south of the Arctic Circle. Lies between the tundra to the north and temperate forests to the south.

Geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life.

Widely used for cooking and for heating homes. It consists mostly of methane.

Burning fossil fuels, manufacturing, oil refineries, electricity generation, and vehicles all release sulfur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere THAT CAUSE

Naturally occurring inorganic solids that have a definite chemical composition in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern called the "crystalline structure". 

A global ecosystem made up of living organisms (biota)and the nonliving (abiotic) factors that provide them with energy and nutrients.

_______ is largely responsible for the greenhouse effect.

The atmosphere of earth is composed of how many percent of nitrogen

Covers all of the solid part, from surface up to the deeper depth of the core.

The universe was once very small and very hot, and then it expanded over time until it reached its peak (which may be perceived as a massive explosion) around 13.7billion years ago.

Universe was rapidly expanding bubble of pure vacuum energy.

The study of the atmosphere

The study of celestial bodies

Which of the following is the closest estimation of Earth’s age?

Which of the following is NOT true about the Earth’s Geosphere?

a)b)c) d) None of the above

This “sphere” covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface.

A large portion of water in the Hydrosphere is composed of __________ water found in oceans.

This “sphere” is the band of Earth’s surface where biological life resides.

The primary source of precipitation and cloud formation in the atmosphere and thus, a very important factor when predicting the weather.

These are minuscule solid and liquid particles that are suspended in the air. 

Like aerosols, ozone plays an important part in absorbing potentially harmful UV radiation from the Sun. Ozone depletion became a global issue in the 20th century primarily due to the overuse of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that entered the atmosphere and broke down the ozone. This problem was addressed with the implementation of the Montreal Protocol by the United Nations in order to ban the production and use of CFCs starting in 

This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. In this layer, temperature decreases with increasing altitude.

The coldest temperatures in the atmosphere (around -90°C) can be found at the end of this layer at the 

At the end of the thermosphere is a very thin layer of air called the ________ which is considered the “final frontier” of the atmosphere. 

Refers to the conditions of the atmosphere in a region over a short period of time. 

Underground freshwater reservoirs

Refers to the conditions of the atmosphere in a region over a short period of time.

The long-term behavior of the atmosphere over a region.

These are thin, wispy, and white clouds that resemble hair.

These are thin layers of clouds that cover extensive portions of the sky.

These are big, cotton candy-looking clouds that can stack vertically in a tower-like manner.

It occurs when any form of water particles descend from the atmosphere towards the Earth’s surface. 

These are columns of violently spinning air that extend downwards from cumulonimbus clouds.

The Earth spins in a ____________ direction and so, all free-moving objects (including the wind) are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

When the wind moves, it does not go in a straight line. It is deflected from its original path due to the Earth’s rotation in a phenomenon called the 

Protects us from meteors by burning up most meteors and asteroids before they reach the Earth’s surface.

What is the most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere?

The higher the altitude in the atmosphere, the _________ the pressure.

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the atmosphere in terms of increasing altitude?

Shawn noticed that the clouds have thin layers covering an extensive portion of the sky. Which of the following is the most likely type of clouds that Shawn saw?

When hot molten materials reach the surface, we call these materials as _________.

_____________ have symmetrical cone-shaped morphology. Famous examples are the Mt. Mayon and Mt. Fuji.

Which of the following describes what a caldera is?

How many active volcanoes are there in the Philippines?

How do shield volcanoes get their broad form?

The study of earthquakes.

Which of the following states the difference between the focus and the epicenter of  an earthquake?

Which of the following is/are TRUE about primary waves?

I. Primary Waves are the slowest seismic waves

II. Primary Waves can travel through solid, liquid, and gas

III. Primary Waves are also called shear waves

IV. Primary Waves push and pull the rocks in the direction the wave is traveling

Which of the following is the correct description of an earthquake’s intensity?

What do you call the type of fault where the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall?

____________ is the sudden sinking of the surface of the Earth due to movement of Earth underneath.

Are formed when two plates move apart relative to each other. These plate boundaries are also called constructive margins because the pulling apart of two plates results in the migration of molten material from the mantle to the surface, generating a new crust. 

Are the sites where plates move towards each other, resulting in a collision or one plate going under the other in a process called subduction.

One of the pieces of evidence used to substantiate the Continental Drift Hypothesis is the “Continental Jigsaw Puzzle”. That is, if you take the boundaries of each continent and try to fit them together, you’d get a landmass that is similar to that supercontinent called ___________.

Suppose that two oceanic plates collide, which of the following is most likely to happen?

If divergent boundaries occur within a continent, it generates an elongated depression known as ______________.

Branch of geology that deals with the study of rock layers, beds, or strata

It is a geological process in which earth materials are weathered and transported. 

Deserts and arid environments

Is a plain that is relatively elevated than the surrounding land.

Are wetlands where trees dominate the plant life.

Which of the following laws of stratigraphy states that given that the sequence is undisturbed, younger rock layers sit atop older layers?

He is known for introducing the Principle of Faunal Succession.

Due to different processes, there is a gap in the rock sequence which is known as unconformity. What do you call the type of unconformity that occurs when sedimentary strata are deposited on top of igneous or metamorphic rock bodies?

Which of the following refers to the atoms of an element that have different atomic masses due to differences in the number of neutrons?

What does radio isotopic dating or radiometric dating measure?

These are bodies of water that originate from mountains or hills and flow down to mountain slopes or plains.

Marine Environment X is a low energy environment because sunlight cannot reach it. What type of Marine Environment is X?

Which of the following depositional environments is NOT a terrestrial environment?

Which of the following depositional environments is a marine environment?

When igneous rocks formed below the surface of the Earth, they are called 

Sedimentary rocks are formed from loose material called sediments that have been eroded in a process called 

When a rock is subjected to certain chemical (addition or removal of chemicals) or physical (change in temperature or pressure) processes that alter its chemical composition, mineralogy, and/or texture, a _________ rock is formed.

This describes how well a mineral handles stress such as breaking, crushing, bending, or tearing. 

Minerals that are susceptible to cracking or breaking are called 

Minerals do not allow light to travel through at all (examples: gold, copper, pyrite).

Obsidian, bombs, blocks, and volcanic ash are common types of __________ rocks.

Rocks that are formed due to a change in temperature or pressure that altered its chemical composition and texture are known as ________ rocks.

Which of the following does NOT make a substance a mineral?

Which of the following scratches a Feldspar?

What do you call the color of the mineral when it is powdered?