Study of life

Are catalysts that speed up chemical reaction

enzyme that melts sugar from milk (lactose)

what does genus mean?

what does sapi(ens) mean?

plant cell have a structure called __ that has chlorophyll that gives the green color

separates non-living to living things

substances that make non-living things and living things similar

The idea of cell started in mid 1810

Made and first used the word 'cell'

hobbyist 1st to observe Living cells: animalcules

Microbes that are capable of moving across the aquatic ecosystem that continued to 1679 is called Animalcules

they're the people who made the original cell theory

Give the 5 statements in the cell theory

they made the modern cell theory

A theory that states living things can only come from other living things

The idea that life can arisen spontaneous from non-living 

used swan-necked flasks to show how the broth failed to spontaneously produce microorganism by the use of gravity

the first ever cells were formed because of a __ where organic molecules assembled rather than break apart

minimum structural requirements 4 lyfe in cell

the semi-permiable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell

need for day-to-day survival

Chromosomes contains which things?

Makes proteins; has around 1000 of these in each bacterial cell

Site of many chemical reaction

cell membrane encloses the rest of the cell content, separating internal from external

cell membrane chooses what can enter/exit the cell

these keep/absorb radiation

give organization to the cell; semi-transparent strings made up of proteins

3 common things in all cells

Phosphate head is negatively charged/anion with the formula PO4^3-

4 Outdated Models and new model of cell structure

Phospholipid model from imagination

First model of phospholipid structure

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules

Phospholipid structure that has a trilaminar appearance and observe under an electron microscope

shows cell membrane is different materials(mosaic of proteins & lipids) moving towards different directions

the ability to flow; cell membrane has it's components(molecules are moving) and allows to continue being semi-permiable

Movements of cell

Importance of cell membrane fluidity

Flip-flop movement requires this enzyme

Things that promote fluidity

What can enter/exit the cell

delivers signal from one place to another

At high temperature it increases the fluidity by preventing tail movements

At low temperature, it increases fluidity by preventing tail aggregation

too much cholesterol will make the membrane to easily burst

What comprises the cell membrane?

Give the 4 lipids in the cell membrane

Without phospholipids, proteins won't have a place to attach on

Major component of the cell membrane where other structures attach

Increases the hydrophobic characteristic of lipid bilayer

Stabilizes the cell membrane through the help of cholesterol; cell-to-cell comm

Increases the hydrophilic character of the external surface of the cell membrane

Integral protein are attached on the surface of the phospholipid bilayer

Peripheral protein is embedded to phospholipid bilayer; hydrophobic

the chemicals on surface of cells need to be compatible to have communication

cytosol + internal structures + chromosome/nucleus is protoplasm

cytosol + internal structures + without chromosome/nucleus is cytoplasm

where are chromosomes located for prokaryotic cells?

in what type of cell can DNA and chromosome be interchangeable

what is the shape of chromosome in eukaryotic cells

what is the shape of chromosome in prokaryotic cell

Chromosomes that have the same structure and character that they are controlling ( the dominant one is usually in control)

Part of the chromosomes that contain the same sets of genes

sister chromatids will only occur when cell division is near

long arm structure in chromosome

Short arm structure in a chromosome

combinations of a tight loop of dna and histones/proteins

Area where the chromatids of chromosome are attached

protein that is present in eukaryotic cells in which helps fold DNA Structures