What are the additional layers under the external accessory structures of a cell

Source of strength/rigidity for cell membrane, limit the cell size, render support and shape to the cell

Cell wall prevents __ which is bursting of the cell membrane resulting from transport of water into the cell

Cell wall will be the first to filter out large molecules before the cell membrane

Type of algae that is believed to be the "ancestors of plants''/ Has a siliceous cell wall

Plant cells and algae are cellulosic cell wall; Eubacteria and Archaebacteria both have peptidoglycan

A small, circular, double-stranded, extrachromosomal DNA containing only 5-100 genes

A long tail-like structures used for locomotion

A structure that always exist in pair near the chromosome

Packaging center of the eukaryotic cells

Intercellular junction against leakage

Digesting old or broken parts of cell, viruses or bacteria of food particles

A chemical that makes the secondary cell strong and waterproof

A toxic chemical that is being created by peroxisome everytime it digest

Enzyme that are being found in tears, mucus, and in tears

Short tail-like structures. It means 'eyelash'; same function as flagella and same composition with eukaryotic flagellum but have shorter structures

What chemical does the primary cell wall in plant cells have to make plants flexible and extensible?

Part of plant cell wall which is rich in cellulose and pectin that adds flexibility in plants

Thicker than primary cell; rich in lignins that make it strong and waterproof

Outermost and pectin rich layer of a plant cell wall capable of cementing adjacent plant cell

Eubacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and is sensitive to lysozyme

Archaebacterial cell wall is made up of pseudopeptidoglycan; not sensitive to lysozyme

The external surface of a cell membrane that is made of fuzzy coat of sticky sugars

present in some bacterial cells; organized, gummy, and hard to remove

present in some bacterial cells; unorganized and easy to remove

Sugar coat of animal cells; unorganized and easy to remove; distinguishes what cells are healthy and not

Hair-like structures; extensions protuded away from cell membrane

Hair/fringe; only are found in prokaryotic cells

Pilus are made of __

Found in microorganisms; for attachment/adhesion, also the reason why bacteria sticks well

for drawing another cell closer for horizontal gene

bacteria that do not die using conventional antibiotics; only die with high dosage of antibiotics

pilus that is for locomotion/motility

flagella in prokaryotes are made up of arranged proteins called __

flagella in eukaryotes are made up of microtubules that follows a 9+2 configuration

the reason that causes 80% of ulcers in large intestines

structure composed of rotating endoflagella in cell wall and membane instead of being linear

Causes leptospirosis; exists in the urine of rats

cilia with 9+2 axoneme; for movement of the cell or materials on its surface; exist in large number on the cell surface

cilia with 9+0 axoneme with highly specialized sensory structure like in eyes and noise

protrusions among multicellular organisms with interconnection between the adjacent cells or cells to extracellular matrix

category of intercellular junctions where they share chemicals with each other; they use this for transfer

allows the passage of water together with other chemicals

straw-like structures that makes a continuum between adjacent animal cells for exchange of materials

interconnected bands just beneath the apical surfaces to prevent water leakage and liquids going from one side to another side of the cell

under intercellular junctions; needed cells to form very strong layers

plasmid that gives a bacterial cell the ability to be a donor

plasmid that makes the cell drug-resistant or toxin-resistant

plasmid that give bacteria the ability to kill other bacteria for competition

plasmid that makes the cell pathogenic and spread faster in the host

plasmid that makes the cell capable of digesting unusual materials

materials of chemicals outside of cell that can be used by the cell in the future when there's shortage in supply

network of strands spread throughout the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

smallest type of cytoskeleton

type of cytoskeleton that has a medium size

thickest type of cytoskeleton; can be use for movement of the cell

pair of centrioles

It crawls and moves in the cytoskeleton; the powerhouse of the cell

singled-membraned structure directly connected to the membrane enclosing the chromosomes

Attached with ribosomes for protein synthesis

for lipid production for cell membrane, for carbohydrate, metabolism for energy; sometimes overworks for drug detoxification

the rough Er is the origin of __ . also this digests lipids, amino acids, bile acids

process of adding sugar to the proteins from the rough ER while they're being processed in the golgi body

programmed cell death for development of organism

Cell death by damage

similar to lysosome but smaller; also for digestion

peroxisome in plants and fungi that convert fatty acid to carbohydrates especially in germinating seeds

a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area for water

mainly for water storage and plant cell growth

controls solute concentration inside the cell; squeezes itself to avoid over storage of water

mainly for food storage 

specialized storage, keeps a specific chemicals; can be single or double membrane

what is the colorless plastid for storage

type of leucoplast that stores starch

type of leucoplast that stores oils

type of leucoplast that stores proteins

plastid with color, mainly in leaves of plants

type of chromoplast that is green

type of chromoplast that is dark brown

type of chromoplast that is red