Question 1

A scientist studies two groups of field mice. Although they are both the same kind of mouse, one has dark brown fur, and one has light brown fur. Which statement explains why the second group has light brown fur instead of dark brown?

Accepted Answer

They have different amounts of protein that determine fur color.

Answer

Their skin cells do not express genes that control fur color.

Answer

They have a different number of chromosomes.

Answer

There is no protein that determines fur color in their skin cells.

Question 2

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. This protein's shape helps it to carry oxygen through the body. Cell A in the picture is a normal red blood cell, and Cell B is a blood cell that is present in a person that has sickle cell anemia. Cell B is shaped this way because the structure of hemoglobin inside the cell has changed.

Which statement also describes Cell B?

Accepted Answer

It cannot carry oxygen as well as Cell A.

Answer

Its proteins have different functions than that of Cell A.

Answer

It has a completely different function than Cell A.

Answer

It does not have any of the same proteins as Cell A.

Question 3

Kaylee reads about how cells in the iris of the eye have a protein called the P protein. She reads that, in general, more of the P protein means that the cells will produce more color. Kaylee's mother has blue eyes, and her father has brown eyes. Kaylee also has brown eyes.

Which statement explains why the irises of Kaylee's eyes are brown?

Accepted Answer

They express the allele she inherited from her father more than the allele she inherited from her mother.

Answer

They do not express any of the alleles that she inherited from her father.

Answer

They do not have enough of the DNA she inherited from her mother, they only have DNA that she inherited from her father.

Answer

They contain only one kind of P protein

Question 4

Which statement describes the structure labeled OCA2 in the picture for this question?

Accepted Answer

It’s made of a piece of DNA

Answer

It's made of a section of protein.

Answer

It's one of 46 different kinds in the cell.

Answer

It's found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 5

Scientists often use fruit flies as a model organism in genetics because the function of each of their genes can be easily studied. Fly A inherited a set of alleles of a gene on chromosome 2.

➡Fly A’s alleles determined that it would have bright red eyes. 
➡Fly B inherited a different alleles for this gene.

Which statement describes how Fly A might be different from Fly B?

Accepted Answer

it might have white eyes

Answer

it might have an extra copy of chromosome 2

Answer

it might have red wings

Answer

it might have a different number of genes

Question 6

Luke is sketching a model of human chromosomes for science class. He has finished all of them except for the last pair, which are to represent the X and Y chromosomes. Which statement describes something he should do to make sure his model represents these chromosomes accurately?

Accepted Answer

label them so the model states Y is found only in males

Answer

label them to indicate that X is found only in cells of the reproductive system

Answer

draw them so that both X and Y are the same size

Answer

color them to show both X and Y have exactly the same genes

Question 7

Every normal human should have _____ chromosomes

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

22

Answer

23

Answer

48

Question 8

An organism does not directly inherit traits from its parents-- it inherits the ___________ that help determine its traits from its parents.

Accepted Answer

Genes

Answer

Traits

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Chromosomes

Question 9

DNA is the material that makes up _________ and a gene is a section of 
 a long strand of ________.

Accepted Answer

Genes / DNA

Answer

Traits / Genes

Answer

Genes/Alleles

Answer

Proteins / Traits

Question 10

What do we call this image?

Accepted Answer

karyotype

Answer

chromotype

Answer

genotype

Answer

phenotype

Question 11

What are the structures with numbers called on this picture?

Accepted Answer

chromosomes

Answer

proteins

Answer

individual genes

Answer

OCA2

Question 12

Look at the picture, does this person have one of the genetic conditions listed at the top of the picture?

Accepted Answer

Yes, Patau Syndrome, they have 3 copies of chromosome #13

Answer

No, they do not have any genetic conditions

Answer

Yes, Down Syndrome, they have 3 copies of chromosome 21

Answer

Yes, Edward's Syndrome, they have 3 copies of chromosome #18

Question 13

The cell in the diagram is reproducing through asexual reproduction. Which prediction can you make about the bacterial cells in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

The DNA in the offspring cells will be identical to the parent cell’s DNA.

Answer

Both offspring will have DNA that is different from the parent cell's DNA.

Answer

The DNA in offspring A will be different than the DNA in offspring B

Answer

Both offspring will have half of the parent cell's DNA.

Question 14

Anita buys some flowering plants from a local greenhouse. All of the plants are the same species, but some have red flowers, and some have white flowers. She plants them in her garden. In the fall, she collects the seeds from these parent plants. When the seeds from the parent plants grow the next spring, she is surprised to find that the offspring are red with white stripes.
Which statement identifies the cause of the offspring having flowers that are both red and white in color?

Accepted Answer

The offspring have combinations of genes from the parent plants

Answer

The plants reproduce asexually, which results in variation in the offspring.

Answer

The offspring have genes that are identical to the parent plants.

Answer

The plants reproduce by making copies of a single cell through cell division.

Question 15

Caroline is explaining chromosome inheritance during sexual reproduction to her family. She starts to sketch a model that shows the number of chromosomes in each kind of human cell. What numbers should Caroline write in the blanks below cell B and C?

Accepted Answer

B: 23 C:46

Answer

B: 23 C:23

Answer

B: 23 C:23

Answer

B: 46 C:69

Question 16

Luke and Leia are siblings that have the same parents. Leia has dark brown/black hair like her mother.  Luke has blonde hair like his father. Which correctly states the cause of Luke and Leia's hair color?

Accepted Answer

Leia inherited a different combination of alleles than Luke did.

Answer

Leia only inherited chromosomes from her mother.

Answer

Luke and Leia inherited a different number of chromosomes.

Answer

Leia inherited a gene for hair color from only one of her parents.

Question 17

The model  to the right shows the results of an experiment carried out by Gregor Mendel to see how the trait of height is inherited in pea plants. The letters T and t on the model show the alleles of each type of plant.
What does the model show about the relationship between alleles and plant height?

Accepted Answer

The short plant has two recessive alleles.

Answer

Plants that have one T allele and one t allele can be either tall or short.

Answer

t is the dominant allele and T is the recessive allele.

Answer

All of the tall plants have two T alleles.

Question 18

Juan want to predict what alleles a puppy might inherit from two dogs that have the alleles DD and Dd. He makes a Punnett square like the one shown. 
Which of the following predictions about the puppy's alleles can Juan make using the model?

Accepted Answer

It will have a 1/2 chance  of inheriting two dominant alleles.

Answer

It will have a 100% chance  of inheriting one recessive allele.

Answer

It will have a 1/2 chance  of inheriting one dominant allele.

Answer

It will have a 1/4 chance  of inheriting one recessive allele.

Question 19

Hiran wants to test the following claim: "A daffodil's traits are strongly influenced by its environment." He sets up an experiment. He plants three daffodil bulbs in three pots. He gives them the same amount of water and light, but grows them at three different temperatures.
Which statement describes evidence from the experiment that would support the claim?

Accepted Answer

Each plant begins to grow on a different day.

Answer

Each plant produces a yellow flower.

Answer

Each plant takes in the same amount of water.

Answer

Each plant grows taller.

Question 20

The plants in the photo were grown by a group of middle school students as a science investigation. The goal of their experiment was to see how the environment affects a plant's growth. What is one step the students should take in their experiment to ensure that their results are accurate?

Accepted Answer

They should use genetically identical plants.

Answer

They should measure more than one dependent variable

Answer

They should give each plant a different amount of water.

Answer

They should add fertilizer to the plant under normal light.

Question 21

A doctor is reading Mr. Q's medical chart. Mr. Q's chart states that he has two brothers. One brother smokes and eats an unhealthy diet. He has heart disease. The other brother lives a healthy lifestyle and does not have heart disease.  Considering the genetic and environmental factors involved, what can the doctor tell Mr. Q related to the probability he will get heart disease?

Accepted Answer

He should choose a healthy lifestyle and get tested for heart disease.

Answer

If he chooses a healthy lifestyle, he will never get heart disease.

Answer

If he gets tested for heart disease, he does not have to choose a healthy lifestyle.

Answer

He is certain to get heart disease because it runs in his family.

Question 22

A group of scientists are worried about a new power plant being built on a local river. The plant will release water into the river. The water will be clean, but it will be warm enough to raise the temperature of the water in the river. They claim that the warmer water influences the growth of the fish, and write a report to the community.   Which finding would best support their claim?

Accepted Answer

All of the kinds of fish caught since the plant was built weigh less than they did before the plant was built

Answer

There are more kinds of fish than before the plant was built.

Answer

One fish we caught was shorter than all of the others.

Answer

The fishermen we talked to claim that they see fewer fish in the river since the plant was built.

Question 23

Many science students have investigated whether music affects plant growth for science fairs and competitions. A group of professional scientists decided to do the same. They grew 30 rose bushes that all had the same genes, and divided them into five groups. Four groups were placed next to speakers that played different kinds of music, and one group was kept in silence.
The scientists measured the growth of the plants in three ways: the overall growth, the growth of the stems, and the width of the flowers for each group. They also made a graph that showed how much the stem grew over the course of the experiment. The results after 60 days are shown in the data table below.
What did the scientists in this investigation do to make sure that the differences in growth of the rose bushes were not influenced by the height of the parent plants?

Accepted Answer

made sure they had identical genes

Answer

noticed that they all produced flowers

Answer

used only rose bushes in the experiment

Answer

kept one group in silence

Question 24

Many science students have investigated whether music affects plant growth for science fairs and competitions. A group of professional scientists decided to do the same. They grew 30 rose bushes that all had the same genes, and divided them into five groups. Four groups were placed next to speakers that played different kinds of music, and one group was kept in silence.
The scientists measured the growth of the plants in three ways: the overall growth, the growth of the stems, and the width of the flowers for each group. They also made a graph that showed how much the stem grew over the course of the experiment. The results after 60 days are shown in the data table below.
Which statement about plants that grew in silence is supported by the data from the experiment?

Accepted Answer

They grew taller than plants grown in rock music.

Answer

They had wider flowers than plants grown in classical music.

Answer

They had longer stems than plants grown in meditation music.

Answer

They grew faster than plants grown in classical music

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