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Genética Humana
Quiz by Jose Alberth Rojas Perdomo
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Semana 1: Introducción a la Reproducción ¿Qué es la reproducción? Tipos de reproducción: asexual y sexual Importancia de la reproducción para la vida en el planeta Semana 2: Reproducción en Plantas Reproducción asexual en plantas: Propagación vegetativa (esquejes, injertos, etc.) Esporulación Reproducción sexual en plantas: Flor, estructura y función Polinización: mecanismos y agentes polinizadores Fecundación y formación de frutos y semillas Aplicación de los diferentes tipos de reproducción de plantas según las condiciones del medio Semana 3: Reproducción en Animales Reproducción asexual en animales: Gemación Fragmentación Regeneración Reproducción sexual en animales: Sistemas reproductores masculino y femenino Fecundación interna y externa Desarrollo embrionario y fetal Parto y nacimiento Variabilidad genética y evolución Preservación de especies: medidas de conservación Semana 4: Reproducción en el Ser Humano Sistema reproductor masculino y femenino Ciclo menstrual Fecundación y embarazo Parto y nacimiento Lactancia materna Semana 5: Reproducción en la Adolescencia Cambios físicos y emocionales en la adolescencia Madurez sexual y fertilidad Embarazo en la adolescencia: riesgos y consecuencias físicas y psicológicas Prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia: métodos anticonceptivos Responsabilidad sexual y toma de decisiones Semana 6: Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) ¿Qué son las ITS? Vías de transmisión de las ITS Síntomas y consecuencias de las ITS Prevención de las ITS: uso correcto del condón y otras medidas Importancia de las pruebas de detección de ITS Semana 7: VIH/SIDA ¿Qué es el VIH/SIDA? Mecanismos de transmisión del VIH Síntomas y etapas del VIH/SIDA Pruebas de detección del VIH Prevención del VIH/SIDA: uso correcto del condón y otras medidas Vivir con VIH/SIDA: tratamiento y apoyo Semana 8: Salud Sexual y Reproductiva Definición de salud sexual y reproductiva Derechos sexuales y reproductivos Importancia de la educación sexual integral Autonomía corporal y toma de decisiones informadas Promoción de una sexualidad responsable y saludableGenetics/Human Body/Cells Review Human geneticsHuman Genetic DisordersUnit 10- Human Genetics Re-testUnit 7 Retest - Human GeneticsUnit 8 Retest - Beyond Mendel and Human GeneticsWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring, investigating and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic predisposition to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilisation has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. These might be enemies in neighbouring cultures, physical features of the area, a change in the area which might affect food supplies, or any number of other factors. They all pose a real danger, and all can be made less threatening if certain preparations are made. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical assets. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. Techniques may be social, allowing members of society better to understand those within or outside the culture. Better understanding may lead to more efficient use of resources, or a reduction in competition for resources. We have already benefited from other spin-offs, including improvements in earthquake prediction – which has saved many lives – in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry! While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The chances of a large comet or asteroid hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimise the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or epidemics, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While Earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. The more a culture expands, the less chance there is that it will become extinct. Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the Earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential.