Ghana, Mali, Songhai

Mali, like Ghana & Songhai, was located on the ___ River in West Africa

Mali was on the Niger River, and its soil was ___ (or farmable) and allowed them to control river trade

this Mali man was a hero because of the way he helped earn Mali's independence again

one way Sundiata helped Mali was to take over the same gold & ___ trade that Ghana also had

Sundiata helped Mali by improving ___ (or farming) & making farms for crops like beans, onions, & rice

Sundiata introduced a new crop, ____, which is used to make clothing

___ ___, the most famous ruler of Mali, when Mali reached its peak of wealth, power, & fame

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to ___ in Arabia spread Mali's fame & let others learn about his kingdom

walls & buildings in Timbuktu were built of dried ___ or dirt bricks, which means they could wash away in the rain

Mansa Musa wanted people in Mali to learn to read so they could read the ___, Islam's holy book, in Arabic

Islamic religious buildings, which Mansa Musa built in his kingdom to spread the faith

in 1431 ___ nomads took Timbuktu, and by 1500 the Mali kingdom ended

the language the Qur'an was written in, which people need to learn in order to read the Qur'an

in Songhai, Timbuktu drew 1000s of people to its ___ (or colleges), schools, libraries, & mosques

Songhai's collapsed when people from ___ in North Africa invaded (WITH GUNS) trying to get control of their salt mines