Question 1

Supplemental Security Income

Accepted Answer

____ (SSI) is a means-tested, federally administered income assistance program that provides monthly cash payments to needy elderly (65 or older), blind, and disabled people

Question 2

Global Power

Accepted Answer

____ derives primarily from the president's role as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States

Question 3

congress; president

Accepted Answer

____ has the power "to declare war," but the ____ is the "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States"

Question 4

Diplomatic Recognition

Accepted Answer

____ is the power of the president to grant or withhold "legitimacy" to or from a government of another nation (to declare or refuse to declare it "rightful")

Question 5

Treaties

Accepted Answer

____ the president makes "by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate" are legally binding upon the United States

Question 6

Eight

Accepted Answer

____ vice presidents have become president following the death of their predecessor

Question 7

litmus test

Accepted Answer

A ____ generally refers to recruitment based on a nominee's stand on a single issue

Question 8

concurring opinion

Accepted Answer

A ____ is an opinion by a member of a court that agrees with the result reached by the court in the case but disagrees with or departs from the court's rationale for the decision

Question 9

dissenting opinion

Accepted Answer

A ____ is an opinion by a member of a court that disagrees with the result reached by the court in the case

Question 10

override

Accepted Answer

A bill returned to Congress with a presidential veto message can be passed into law over the president's opposition by a two thirds vote of both houses via ____

Question 11

two

Accepted Answer

A case must involve ____ disputing parties, one of which must have incurred some real damage as a result of the action or inaction of the other

Question 12

add; erode

Accepted Answer

A president with an engaging personality-- warmth, charm, and good humor-- can ____ to his political power

And, of course, a president who seems distant, uncaring, or humorless can ____ his political resources

Question 13

the Food Stamp program

Accepted Answer

A public assistance program that provides low-income households with coupons redeemable for enough food to provide a minimally nutritious diet is ____

Question 14

80

Accepted Answer

About ____ percent of the bills considered by Congress originate in the executive branch

Question 15

Medicare

Accepted Answer

All of the following are public assistance programs except for

Job training

Food Stamps

Medicare

Medicaid

Pell Grants

Question 16

poverty line

Accepted Answer

An estimated 45 to 50 million people in the United States (12 to 15 percent of the population) have incomes below the official ____-- that is, their annual cash income falls below what is required to maintain a decent standard of living

Question 17

Supreme Court of the United States

Accepted Answer

Appellate jurisdiction; hears appeals from: lower federal courts, highest state courts

Original jurisdiction over cases involving: two or more states, the United States and a state, foreign ambassadors and other diplomats, a state and a citizen of a different state

Question 18

Class Action Suits

Accepted Answer

Are cases brought into court by individuals on behalf of not only themselves but also of all other persons "similarly situated"

Question 19

Briefs

Accepted Answer

Are documents submitted by an attorney to a court, setting out the facts of the case and the legal arguments in support of the party represented by the attorney

Question 20

Entitlements

Accepted Answer

Are governmental benefits for which Congress has eligibility criteria-- age, income, retirement, disability, unemployment, and so on

Question 21

District Courts

Accepted Answer

Are the original jurisdiction trial courts of the federal system

Question 22

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Accepted Answer

At different times, president George W. Bush stated the purposes of "____" as

1) the elimination of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction

2) a "regime change" for Iraq to end the threat that Saddam posed for his neighbors and to free the Iraqi people from his oppressive rule and

3) to ensure that Saddam would not harbor or assist terrorist organizations

Question 23

liability

Accepted Answer

Because victims require compensation for actual damages, incurred by the wrongdoing of others, ____ laws protect all of us

Question 24

Social Security

Accepted Answer

Begun during the Depression (1935), ____ is now the largest of all entitlements; it comprises two distinct programs

Question 25

Franklin Roosevelt

Accepted Answer

By far, ____ vetoed more bills than any other president in U.S. history

Question 26

opposed the war in as great numbers as had once favored it

Accepted Answer

By late 2004, polls indicated that Americans, as a group, who had strongly supported going to war ____

Question 27

War Powers Resolution

Accepted Answer

Congress passed the ____, designed to restrict presidential war-making powers, in 1973. The bill restricts when, why, and for how long a president can commit U.S. forces and requires notification of and, in many cases, approval by Congress.

Question 28

civil cases

Accepted Answer

Courts enforce contracts and award damages to victims of negligence in ____

Question 29

free world

Accepted Answer

During the Cold War, the president of the United States was seen as the leader of the "____"

Question 30

50

Accepted Answer

Employers with ____ or more workers are obliged to provide health insurance to their employees

Question 31

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families

Accepted Answer

Family Assistance, officially ____ (formerly AFDC, Aid to Families with Dependent Children), is a grant program to enable the states to assist needy families

Question 32

circuit

Accepted Answer

Federal ____ courts are appellate courts

Question 33

Cold War

Accepted Answer

For more than 40 years following the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union confronted each other in the protracted political, military, and ideological struggle known as the ____

Question 34

The Global President

Accepted Answer

History and the Constitution give the United States one voice in international affairs—the president's voice. The president is invested with treaty-making authority; the receiving and appointment of ambassadors; and the conduct of war as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States

Question 35

pocket veto

Accepted Answer

If Congress has adjourned within 10 days of passing a bill, and the president has not signed it, then the bill does not become law; this outcome is called a ____

Question 36

social insurance

Accepted Answer

If the beneficiaries of a government program required to have made contributions to it before claiming any of its benefits and if they are entitled to the benefits regardless of their personal wealth--- as in Social Security and Medicare-- then it is said to be financed on the ____ principle

Question 37

the bill becomes a law without the president's signature

Accepted Answer

If the president takes no action for 10 days (excluding Sundays) after Congress has passed a bill, ____

Question 38

public assistance

Accepted Answer

if the program is financed out of general tax revenues, and its recipients are required to show that they are poor before claiming its benefits-- as in Temporary Assistance to Needy Families, Supplemental Security Income, and Medicaid-- then the program is said to be financed on the ____ principle

Question 39

containment

Accepted Answer

In an influential article in the Council on Foreign Relations' journal Foreign Affairs, the State Department's Russia expert George F. Kennan called for a policy of ____

Question 40

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Accepted Answer

In response to aggressive Soviet movies in Europe, the United States and the democracies of Western Europe created the ____ (NATO)

Question 41

recipients; contributing workers

Accepted Answer

In the Social Security system, the dependency ratio is the number of ____ as a percentage of the number of ____

Question 42

Managing Crises

Accepted Answer

In times of crisis, the American people look to their president to take action, to provide reassurance, and to protect the nation and its people

Question 43

power

Accepted Answer

International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for ____

Question 44

Medicaid

Accepted Answer

Is a joint-federal state program providing health services to low-income Americans

Question 45

Appellate Jurisdiction

Accepted Answer

Is a particular court's power to review a decision or action of a lower court

Question 46

Medicare

Accepted Answer

Is a two-part program that helps elderly and disabled people pay acute-care (as opposed to long-term-care) health costs

Question 47

Tort Reform

Accepted Answer

Is an area of legislation dedicated to limiting either the circumstances under which one can sue, the amount of financial compensation someone can receive, or the circumstances under which someone is responsible for attorneys' fees in an unsuccessful lawsuit

Question 48

Deterrence

Accepted Answer

Is based on the notion that a nation can dissuade a rational enemy from attacking by maintaining the capacity to destroy the enemy's homeland even after the nation has suffered a well-executed surprise attack by the enemy

Question 49

second-strike capability

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes ____—the ability of a nation's forces to survive a surprise attack by the enemy and then to inflict an unacceptable level of destruction on the enemy's homeland

Question 50

Supreme Court

Accepted Answer

It is the ____ that ultimately decides whether Congress, the president, the states, and their local governments have acted constitutionally

Question 51

means-tested-spending

Accepted Answer

Less than one-third of federal social welfare spending is ____-- that is, distributed on the basis of the recipient's income

Question 52

Executive Orders

Accepted Answer

Might direct specific federal agencies to carry out the president's wishes, or direct all federal agencies to pursue the president's preferred course of action

Question 53

Writ of Certiorari

Accepted Answer

Most cases reach the Supreme Court when a party in a case appeals to the Court to issue a ____  (literally to "make more certain"), a decision by the Court to require a lower federal or state court to turn over its records on a case

Question 54

Thurgood Marshall

Accepted Answer

No African American had served on the Supreme Court until President Lyndon Johnson's appointment of ____ in 1967

Question 55

United States Courts of Appeals

Accepted Answer

No original jurisdiction, hears only appeals from: federal district courts, U.S. regulatory commissions, certain other federal courts

Question 56

Sandra Day O'Connor

Accepted Answer

No woman had served on the Supreme Court prior to the appointment of ____ by President Ronald Reagan in 1981

Question 57

League of Nations

Accepted Answer

Opposition to international involvement was so great in the United States after World War I that the Senate refused to enroll the United States in the ____

Question 58

United States of District Courts

Accepted Answer

Original jurisdiction over cases involving: Constitution of the United States, federal laws, including federal crimes, civil suits under the federal law, civil suits between citizens of states where the amount exceeds $75,000, admiralty and maritime cases, bankruptcy cases, review of actions of certain federal administrative agencies, other matters assigned to them by Congress

Question 59

collective security

Accepted Answer

Originally, ____ meant that all nations would join together to guarantee each other's "territorial integrity and existing political independence" against "external aggression" by any nation

Question 60

peace and prosperity; change

Accepted Answer

People tend to believe that the president is responsible for "____ " as well as for "____."

Question 61

are not

Accepted Answer

Poor people (are/ are not) the principal beneficiaries of social welfare spending

Question 62

female-headed families

Accepted Answer

Poverty is most common among ____

Question 63

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Accepted Answer

President Barack Obama and a Democratic-controlled Congress acted to transform health care in America with the comprehensive ____ of 2010

Question 64

appoint; remove

Accepted Answer

Presidential power over the executive branch delivers in part from the authority to ____ and ____ top officials.

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