the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

all of the things a government decides to do

the power to make laws and to frame public policies

the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws

the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within the society

form of government where those who rule cannot be held responsible to the will of the people

form of government where supreme authority rests with the people

Greek philosopher who viewed the lives of individual humans as linked in a social context. He wrote about various types of government and the obligations of the individual citizen.

interpreting laws that are controversial among citizens

a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (that is, with a government), and with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority

when a state has supreme and absolute power within its own territory and can decide its own foreign and domestic policies

English philosopher who felt that people and nations were in a constant battle for power and wealth. He thought that an absolute monarchy was the best government for England. He distrusted democracy, but thought that authorized representatives as the voice of the people would prevent a monarch from being unfair or cruel.

territory, population, government, sovereignty

English philosopher who wrote about his theories concerning the natural rights of man, the social contract, the separation of Church and State, religious freedom, and liberty. Locke's theories influenced the American and French revolutions.

social contract theory

being patriotic

was a famous and financially successful poet who was also a satirist and translator. He was born in London and raised in a Roman Catholic family. He is most famous for his use of the heroic couplet.

Governments are the products of human needs.

was elected 16th President of the United States, entering office in 1861 at age 52. He is known for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared that "all persons held as slaves... shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free..." He was assassinated in 1865.

a form of government in which a single person holds unlimited power

a form of government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite

People transform their will into public policy.

a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency

a form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments

basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in the United States, between the National Government and the States)

a joining of several groups for a common purpose

All powers held by the government belong to a central agency.

a form of government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are separate, independent, and coequal

a form of government in which the executive branch is made up of the prime minister, or premier, and that official's cabinet; this branch is part of the legislature

to appease their people and other nations

rich upper class, landowning aristocrats of the Roman Republic

the common folk in the Roman Republic

a loosely organized system in which powerful lords divided their land among other, lesser lords

feudalism

Black Plague

the belief of the people that a government has the right to make public policy

the belief that God grants authority to a government

divine right

an economic and political theory emphasizing money as the chief source of wealth to increase the absolute power of the monarchy and the nation

the control of one nation over foreign lands

economy

was an important Enlightenment thinker and writer. His beliefs in reason, science, and religious freedom were echoed in his plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works. He spent much of his life in exile from his home country of France, writing and speaking about his philosophy.

was an English judge who wrote the Commentaries on the Laws of England, a series of four books that had a profound influence on the writers of America's Declaration of Independence and Constitution. He was an important Enlightenment figure, believed in protecting the rights of the innocent, and in basing judgements on common law－that is, on previous decisions about similar issues.

separation of powers

was a British politician who served as an ambassador to the United States from 1907 to 1913. He became especially popular upon writing The American Commonwealth , which is a favorable study of the U.S. government.

was a British statesman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 during most of World War II and from 1951 to 1955. He was the first honorary U.S. citizen and was granted the Nobel Prize in Literature.

an adjustment of opposing principles or systems by modifying some aspect of each in order to find the position most acceptable to the majority

was a justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932 who was nicknamed the Great Dissenter.

Compromise is needed to blend and adjust competing views to find the position most acceptable to the majority.

was the 26th President of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909. Nicknamed Teddy, he was a hunter, soldier, naturalist, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize who also secured the route for and began construction on the Panama Canal.

was the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and a Founding Father. Prior to his presidency, he was a general and commander in chief during the American Revolution.

a member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to it by birth or naturalization and is entitled to full civil rights

paying taxes

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods; investments that are determined by private decision rather than by state control and determined in a free market

The government might take steps to stimulate the economy.

judicial power

A written constitution defines the powers of the government.

The divine right of kings theory holds that the power of government derives from a divinity; the social contract theory holds that the power of government is acquired from the people.

The writers of the Declaration of Independence used the phrase to express their belief in John Locke's theory of natural rights.

If even one person is affected by injustice, everyone is affected.

The presidential form has executive and legislative branches that are separate but equal, whereas the parliamentary form has an executive branch that is a part of the legislative branch.

In an autocracy, a single person holds all the power. In an oligarchy, a small group of people hold the power.

Power is divided between a central government and many local governments.

they tend to be weak since they have only the powers granted to them by member states.

to ensure that no branch has more power over another

when a person or group of people take control of an area, such as a state and make everyone in that are follow their rules and beliefs

claim that state developed naturally out of the early family, state was born when tribe gave up its nomadic way, evolve overtime

God gave divine right to create state, God himself gave certain individuals the divine right of rule, people expect to obey monarch as God

people gave up some freedom to 5 state power to maintain personal safety and protection of property, state exist only to serve the will of people, they are the source of the political power, and they are free to give or withhold the power as the choose

government has ultimate power over how the people live their lives; people are the subjects

power all over aspects of life-economic, social, political, and moral

kings and queens

extreme form; no government

population, territory, sovereignty. and government

they are faster and easier to pass laws, but can easily make mistakes, and the head of government is not directly elected

a philosophical movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of traditional social, religious, and political ideas and an emphasis on rationalism

in a democracy, the majority of the people will be right more often than they will be wrong, and will be right more often than will anyone person or small group

adv: the central government creates local units of government for its own convenience

adv: the national government and the states are co-equal partners

adv: most power belongs to the local government

1. National (federal)

popular sovereignty and limited government

similar to bill of rights, not every state has the same rights

outline of state and local government, separation of powers, check and balances

list powers held by state officials to govern and provide services

processes for amendment

preambles without legal force

legislative- makes laws, bicamel

1. worth of the individual