Question 1

Part A: What is the best definition of anecdotal as the word is used in paragraph 15 of Text 1, “High Schools Starting Later to Help Sleepy Teens?”

Accepted Answer

Evidence based on personal experiences

Answer

Evidence that is unrelated to the author’s claims

Answer

Evidence based on unlikely theories

Answer

Evidence that comes from many years of research

Question 2

Part B: Which detail from Text 1 helps the reader determine the meaning of anecdotal?

Accepted Answer

“…supports Wolak’s observations…”

Answer

“…teachers especially wanted…”

Answer

“…Wolak adds…”

Answer

“…overwhelmingly endorsed…”

Question 3

Part A: Based on information in Text 1, which sentence states the author’s primary claim?

Accepted Answer

An increasing body of research supports the idea that starting school later in the day has significant benefits for teenagers.

Answer

Teenagers miss fewer classes when they begin school later in the day.

Answer

Students in elementary school also benefit from changing school start times because they have more energy in the morning.

Answer

The main reason schools should adjust start times is to save money on transportation.

Question 4

Part B: How does the author of Text 1 most effectively develop her primary claim?

Accepted Answer

She highlights the positive effects later start times have had in specific school districts.

Answer

She explains the negative effects later start times have on transportation companies.

Answer

She includes quotations from teachers who have been advantaged by later start times.

Answer

She explains how different age groups of students would be impacted by changing school start times.

Question 5

How does the author structure her argument regarding the possibility of adjusting start times for high school students?

Accepted Answer

She introduces common arguments against changing start times and explains how individual districts have addressed those challenges.

Answer

She highlights research supporting the importance of changing start times and explains the ways schools have applied that research.

Answer

She describes different school districts who have changed their start times and then explains their motivations for doing so.

Answer

She introduces scientists who study the issue of teenage sleep and then explains how these scientists conduct research related to the issues of school start times.

Question 6

Part A: Based on the information in Text 1, which sentence explains how the sleep habits of teenagers are impacted by school start times?

Accepted Answer

It is natural for teenagers to stay awake late at night and sleep late in the morning rather than go to bed early and wake up early, so teens do not get enough sleep when school starts early.

Answer

It is hard for teens to wake up in the morning, regardless of the time, so delaying school start times allows them to wake up more naturally.

Answer

Teenagers need more sleep than younger students, so when school starts too early, students of all ages suffer.

Answer

Teenagers often find themselves with too many activities, so they are forced to stay awake late into the evening and have trouble staying awake during early classes when school starts earlier.

Question 7

Part B: Which sentence from Text 1 supports the correct answer to Part A?

Accepted Answer

“Research on the sleep needs of adolescents and their ability to pay attention and learn in the early morning hours supports Wolak’s observations.’”

Answer

“The result was that high schoolers could start school later but end their school day at about the same time, without disrupting the athletic schedule.”

Answer

“Wolak adds that teachers especially wanted the change because, ‘They were concerned about student attendance and student readiness to learn that first period of the day.’”

Answer

“To help sleepy teens, some school districts have tried delaying the opening of the high school day.”

Question 8

In Text 1, the author describes some concerns related to changing high school start times. Which “Real-Life Solution” does the author uses to contradict the following concern about changing start times?
1. Having high schools start later is expensive because it requires schools to run more busses each day.

Accepted Answer

In West Des Moines, Iowa, the district changed the start time for all three tiers of schools.

Answer

In Minneapolis, Minnesota, the high school start time was moved back to 8:40am.

Answer

In Mahtomedi, Minnesota, high schoolers cut passing time between classes.

Answer

In Jessamine County, Kentucky, the schools switched start times for elementary and high school students.

Question 9

In Text 1, the author describes some concerns related to changing high school start times. Which “Real-Life Solution” does the author uses to contradict the following concern about changing start times?
2. Having high schools start later results in students getting home from school and activities too late in the evening.

Accepted Answer

In Mahtomedi, Minnesota, high schoolers cut passing time between classes.

Answer

In West Des Moines, Iowa, the district changed the start time for all three tiers of schools.

Answer

In Minneapolis, Minnesota, the high school start time was moved back to 8:40am.

Answer

In Jessamine County, Kentucky, the schools switched start times for elementary and high school students.

Question 10

Part A: Which word best defines economics as the author uses the word in paragraph 4 of Text 2: “High schools will keep starting too early. Here’s why.”?

Accepted Answer

price

Answer

factors

Answer

importance

Answer

reasons

Question 11

Part B: Which groups of words from paragraphs 3-5 of Text 2 best help the reader understand the meaning of the word economics as it is used in this passage?

Accepted Answer

"Because of the costs"
"Less expensive ones"

Answer

"From the outside"
"Getting better organized"

Answer

"Getting better organized"
"Increase student performance"

Answer

"Public policy professor"
"Reduce class size"

Question 12

Which sentence provides the best summary of Text 2?

Accepted Answer

Despite research showing the positive effects of adjusting high school start times, schools have found it difficult to make the change.

Answer

There are many reasons schools will not change their start time.

Answer

Changing school start times is relatively easy compared to other proposed school reforms.

Answer

Research recently released supports the decision many high schools have made to adjust their start time to better reflect teenage sleep cycles.

Question 13

Part A: Based on information from Text 2, which sentence best states the author’s perspective regarding high school start times?

Accepted Answer

He believes that schools should consider moving start times back.

Answer

He understands that there are expenses preventing schools from changing their start times.

Answer

He hopes that schools will begin to use more busses so that all children can start at a reasonable hour.

Answer

He wants school leaders to figure out a cost-effective way to change start times for all students.

Question 14

Part B: Which sentence explains the most effective ways the author develops his perspective?

Accepted Answer

He highlights the research supporting adjusting start times.

Answer

He provides graphs that show the numbers of schools starting before 8:00 am.

Answer

He includes quotations that explain why schools are unable to move start times back.

Answer

He describes the different expenses associated with changing school start times.

Question 15

How do Figures 1 and 2 contribute to the meaning of Text 2?

Accepted Answer

They emphasize the claim that it will be challenging to move start times because a significant percentage of American schools start too early.

Answer

They reveal the different times schools start, which emphasizes the claim that ending later has a negative impact on extracurricular activities.

Answer

They describe the different types of schools that have appropriate start times, emphasizing the claim that it is easier to move start times back in rural districts.

Answer

The highlight the claim that it is incredibly expensive to move start times back.

Question 16

Which sentence best explains how the recording clarifies the information provided in Text 2?

Accepted Answer

In the recording, the quotations from those actually involved in the debate add credibility to the claims Weissman makes in Text 2.

Answer

In the recording, the addition of Amundson’s laughter emphasizes how ridiculous it is to have elementary schoolers start earlier, a suggestion only briefly mentioned in Text 2.

Answer

In the recording, the introduction from David Guerra provides additional detail about the students most impacted by early high school start times, an idea mentioned in Text 2.

Answer

In the recording, the note about where Weissmann is located reveals that high school start times is a national issue, a fact cited in the research in Text 2.

Question 17

The school district is considering various schedules. Parents may try to convince the district to adopt a specific schedule for the good of the students. Which quote from Text 1 supports the proposed start time of 8:00AM at Elementary School?

Accepted Answer

“Research shows that young children aren’t sleepy in the early morning, unlike the typical teenager.”

Answer

“Another challenge some school districts grapple with is the concern that after-school sports schedules would be affected by starting high schools later.”

Answer

“The problem: Teenagers need a lot of sleep – about 9 hours each night, experts say.”

Answer

“Wolak adds that teachers especially wanted a change because, ‘They were concerned about student attendance and student readiness to learn that first period of the day.’”

Question 18

The school district is considering various schedules. Parents may try to convince the district to adopt a specific schedule for the good of the students. Which quote from Text 2 supports the proposed start time of 8:00AM at Elementary School?

Accepted Answer

Asked why little kids, who tend to be early risers, couldn’t start early, Amundson laughs.”

Answer

“‘Oh, no, that was a non-starter,’ she says.”

Answer

“‘There were exactly zero of us who were prepared to have five year-olds on the street in the dark.’”

Answer

“School boards often hear objections about disruptions at the other end of the school day: Kids getting home really late from sports practice or chess club.”

Question 19

The school district is considering various schedules. Parents may try to convince the district to adopt a specific schedule for the good of the students. Which quote from Text 1 supports the proposed start time of 9:00AM at High School?

Accepted Answer

“The problem: Teenagers need a lot of sleep – about 9 hours each night, experts say.”

Answer

“According to the National Sleep Foundation, more than 80 school districts around the country have made the change to start their high schools later.”

Answer

“Wolak adds that teachers especially wanted a change because, ‘They were concerned about student attendance and student readiness to learn that first period of the day.’”

Answer

“Research shows that young children aren’t sleepy in the early morning, unlike the typical teenager.”

Question 20

The school district is considering various schedules. Parents may try to convince the district to adopt a specific schedule for the good of the students. Which quote from Text 2 supports the proposed start time of 9:00AM at High School?

Accepted Answer

“The school day should start later for teenagers because they aren’t wired to go to bed early — and they need their sleep.”

Answer

“‘Oh, no, that was a non-starter,’ she says.”

Answer

“Asked why little kids, who tend to be early risers, couldn’t start early, Amundson laughs.”

Answer

“School boards often hear objections about disruptions at the other end of the school day: Kids getting home really late from sports practice or chess club.”

Question 21

In Text 2, the author notes that Kristine Amundson believes “…late start times probably work better for smaller districts, with fewer buses to run.” Which sentence from Text 1 best contradicts this claim?

Accepted Answer

“The Minneapolis school district, for example, changed its start time from 7:20 to 8:40 a.m., giving its 12,000 high schools an extra hour and twenty minutes each morning.”

Answer

“In Jessamine County, detailed discussions about starting their high schools later took place over a year and a half.”

Answer

“According to the National Sleep foundation, more than 80 school districts around the country have now made changes to start their high schools later.”

Answer

“So, in 2003, Jessamine County’s high schools started 50 minutes later.”

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