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Q 1/212
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
30
Triple Alliance
Q 2/212
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Russia, France, and Britain
30
Triple Entente
212 questions
Q.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
1
30 sec
Q.
Russia, France, and Britain
2
30 sec
Q.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
3
30 sec
Q.
WWI alliance of Britain, France, and Russia, and later joined by Italy, the United States, and others.
4
30 sec
Q.
Overseas __________ divided European nations as they fought for new colonies
5
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The French yearned for the return of __________ and __________ territories
6
30 sec
Q.
Russia supported a powerful form of nationalism called ____-_________.
7
30 sec
Q.
Pan-Slavism led Russia to support nationalists in ___________
8
30 sec
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_____________ worried that nationalism might lead to rebellions within its empire
9
30 sec
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Unrest made the Balkans a "_______ _____"
10
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A Serbian nationalist _______________ the heir to the Austrian throne at Sarajevo, Bosnia.
11
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Austrian leaders saw the assassination of the Archduke as an opportunity to crush __________ _____________
12
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Austria-Hungary sent an ______________ , which Serbia refused to meet completely
13
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Austria-Hungary, with the full support of __________, declared war on Serbia in July 1914
14
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Russia, in support of Serbia, began to ______________ its army. Germany declared war on Russia
15
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_________ claimed it would honor its treaty with Russia, so Germany declared war on them
16
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When the Germans violated ___________ neutrality to reach France
17
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___________ declared war on Germany when the Germans violated Belgian neutrality
18
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Both sides dug deep __________ along the battlefront to protect their armies from enemy fire
19
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________________ made WWI different from earlier wars. Modern weapons caused high casualties
20
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In 1915, first Germany then the Allies began using poison _____.
21
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German submarines, called _______, did tremendous damage to the Allied shipping
22
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Casualties were ________ in the Eastern Front
23
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The Ottoman Empire's strategic location enabled it to cut off Allied supply lines to Russia through the ______________
24
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______ _____________ revolted against Ottoman rule.
25
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The British sent ________________ to aid Arab nationalism
26
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European __________ in Africa and Asia were also drawn into the war when they were promised independence
27
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Q.
WWI was a _______ _____, in which the participants channeled all their resources into the war effort
28
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Both sides set up systems to recruit, arm, transport, and supply their armies. Nations imposed universal military ___________, or "the draft," requiring all young men to be ready to fight
29
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___________ played a crucial war in WWI as millions of men left to fight, they took over their jobs and kept national economies going
30
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International law allowed wartime blockades to confiscate ___________, but British blockades kept ships from carrying supplies, such as food, in and out of Germany
31
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Q.
In retaliation for British blockades, German u-boats torpedoed the British passenger liner ____________
32
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Both sides used propaganda to control public opinion, circulating tales of ___________, some true and others completely made up
33
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As time passed, ____ ________ set in. Long casualty lists, food shortages, and the failure to win led to calls for peace
34
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In Russia, stories of incompetent generals and corruption eroded public confidence and contributed to ____________
35
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Until 1917, The USA had been ________, but declared war on Germany for their unrestricted submarine warfare and to support Britain/France
36
30 sec
Q.
US President during WWI; created the 14 points and League of Nations
37
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The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
38
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After the kaiser stepped down, the new German government sought an ___________ with the Allies
39
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also known as the Spanish flu or influenza; killed over 20 million people worldwide between 1918 and 1919
40
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______________ costs and war debts would burden an already battered world after the war
41
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The Allied blamed the war on their defeated foes and insisted that they make ____________
42
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Governments had collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the _________ __________.
43
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1919 meeting of the Allies at the end of WWI, concluded with Treaty of Versailles; Central Powers were not allowed to attend
44
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Out of the chaos of post-war, ___________ dreamed of building a new social order
45
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French leader Georges Clemenceau wanted to punish __________ severely for the war. France also wanted security from future attacks
46
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A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League.
47
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Many colonies felt __________ by the peacemakers
48
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New __________ emerged where the German, Austrian, and Russian empires had once ruled
49
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A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.
50
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Means "minority". Tried to take power from Bolsheviks in Civil war beginning in 1918, but did not succeed.
51
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Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin.
52
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Last Tsarist of Russia, had a son who was a hemophiliac, and was put under the influence of Rasputin, where he exploited her. Ended up causing the collapse of the Tsars
53
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Q.
Russian peasant monk who was able to influence Russian politics by gaining the confidence of the tsarina
54
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Q.
Russian uprising in 1917 against shortages and the mounting toll of World War I. Nicholas II abdicated the throne, and a provisional government was established.
55
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Uprising in which the Bolsheviks, led by Trotsky and Lenin, claimed power in name of the soviets and proclaimed a full-scale revolution with support of workers and troops
56
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Bolshevik army
57
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Counter-revolutionary forces in Russia who wished to drive out the Bolsheviks from power; mix of loyal tsarist supporters, moderate socialists, and foreign capitalists
58
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1918-1920: conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Red vs. White Army.
59
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The slogan used by Lenin to win the support of the soldiers, peasants, and workers
60
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The Bolsheviks were renamed "_________"
61
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The elected parliament. Though through establishing this is seemed like the tsar was giving his people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn't like.
62
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An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.
63
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A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
64
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A political state after socialism without social classes, property ownership, and even government. Workers labor out of a desire to help their fellow human beings. All wealth is shared.
65
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1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
66
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Q.
A story about the Bolshevik revolution written by George Orwell. "All Animals are Equal" and later: "but some are more equal than others"
67
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communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty
68
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Red Army's strategic advantage
69
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treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in WWI.
70
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Q.
1921; Lenin's economy reform that re-established economic freedom in an attempt to build agriculture and industry
71
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A secret police initiated by the Bolsheviks aimed at getting rid of all opposition to the Bolsheviks
72
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A temporary government created by the Duma after the abdication of the tsar; it made the decision to remain in World War One, costing it the support of the soviets and the people.
73
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Leader of the provisional government in Russia after the fall of the tsar; kept Russia in World War I and resisted major reforms; overthrown by Bolsheviks at the end of 1917.
74
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Full name of USSR
75
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After Lenin died in 1924, he defeated Trotsky to gain power in the U.S.S.R. He created consecutive five year plans to expand heavy industry. He tried to crush all opposition and ruled as the absolute dictator of the U.S.S.R. until his death.
76
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In the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in which millions of criminals and political prisoners were held under Stalin
77
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Chinese revolutionary and first founding father of Republic of China; stepped down in 1912
78
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China fell into ______ when local warlords seized power and the economy fell apart
79
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An ultimatum presented by Japan to China primarily requiring China to give over some former German possessions in China
80
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Chinese nationalists protest 21 Demands and students led a cultural and intellectual rebellion
81
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Leaders of the May 4th Movement rejected ________ _________; others embraced Marxism
82
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Nationalist party of China initially led by Sun Yat-sen
83
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To defeat the warlords Sun Yat-sen joined forces with the Chinese _____________
84
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assumed leadership of the Guomindang after the death of Sun Yat-sen
85
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1934 retreat by Mao Zedong and his communist followers from the Guomindang
86
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Mao's soldiers fought back against the Guomindang using ___________ tactics
87
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Q.
While Chiang Kai-shek pursued the communists across China, the Japanese invaded __________
88
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Japanese troops killed 100,000-300,000 people in 6 weeks. Experts estimate that 20,000 women and were raped
89
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Japan's ____________ grew during WWI based on the export of goods to the Allies and increased production
90
30 sec
Q.
In the 1920s, the Japanese govt. moved toward greater _____________ as all adult men gained the right to vote, regardless of social class
91
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Despite great democratic freedoms, the ___________, a group of powerful business leaders, manipulated politicians and push for increased militarism
92
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Depression fed the discontent of the Japanese military and the extreme nationalists, or ___________________. They rejected Western limits on expansion
93
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In 1931, a group of Japanese army officers set explosives off in Manchuria. They blamed _________ and used it as an excuse to invade
94
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To please the ultra-nationalists, the Japanese govt suppressed most democratic ___________
95
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Problems after WWI led to ___________ ideas becoming more popular
96
30 sec
Q.
built before WW2 to protect France's eastern border from Germany
97
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France insisted on strict enforcement of the Treaty of ____________
98
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_________-_________ _______ promised to "renounce war as an instrument of national policy"
99
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The _________ __ ___________ did not have the power to stop aggression and ambitious dictators in Europe noted this weakness
100
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Both Britain and France owed huge war debts to the ______ and relied on reparation payments from Germany to pay their loans
101
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Many nations were deeply in debt, with high _______________ and low wages following WWI
102
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Better technologies allowed factories to make more products faster, leading to _________________
103
30 sec
Q.
organizer of the Italian Fascist party
104
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Mussolini's supporters, the ________ _________, rejected democratic methods and favored violence for solving problems
105
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In the 1922 _________ on ________, tens of thousands of Fascists swarmed the capital and Mussolini was asked to form a govt as prime minister
106
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Mussolini soon suppressed rival parties, muzzled the press, rigged elections, and replaced elected officials with __________
107
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In 1929, Mussolini also received support from the ________
108
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In a totalitarian form of govt, a one-party _____________ attempts to control every aspect of the lives of its citizens
109
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an underlying ideology of any centralized, authoritarian governmental system that is not communist
110
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Fascism is rooted in __________ nationalism
111
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Communists favor international action and the creation of a ______________ society
112
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Both Communism and Fascism flourish during __________ hard times
113
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Fascism appealed to Italians because it restored national pride, provided ____________, and ended the political feuding that had paralyzed democracy in Italy
114
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An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.
115
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Stalin's secret police
116
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Wealthy peasants forced by Soviets to give up land to government
117
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large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group until
118
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The widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Josef Stalin between 1936 and 1938. Stalin was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union.
119
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Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light
120
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the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Soviet Union
121
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Soviet communists destroyed the old social order. Instead of creating a society of __________, they became the elites of the new society
122
30 sec
Q.
was an international Communist organization founded in Moscow to spread world revolution
123
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Was the democratic government which ruled over Germany from 1919 to 1933. Germany's first democracy and it failed miserably.
124
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The Weimar Constitution established a parliamentary system led by a ___________
125
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Germany could not pay its war reparations and govt actions led to ___________ and skyrocketing prices. The German mark was almost worthless.
126
30 sec
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Adolf Hitler was born in __________, failed secondary school and was rejected by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts
127
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Full name of Nazi Party = ___________
128
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In 1923 the Nazis attempted to overthrow the government in Munich. It was a total failure, and Hitler received a brief prison sentence during which time he wrote Mein Kampf.
129
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'My Struggle' by Hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology
130
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Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
131
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Hitler realized that the way to power was through _________ means, not through violent overthrow of the govt
132
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Hitler was known to the German people as their __________ (leader)
133
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The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.
134
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German secret police
135
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Germany's young men and women who joined the Nazi political party and pledged their allegiance to Germany and Adolf Hitler. Children were brainwashed and convinced of German superiority
136
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Nazi leader of the SS and Gestapo during the Third Reich. Hitler's right hand man.
137
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the pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to suggest a superior non-Jewish Caucasian typified by height, blonde hair, blue eyes
138
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Nazis ordered all Jews to wear for identification
139
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"Night of Shattered Glass" when Nazis burned Jewish synagogues and destroyed thousands of Jewish businesses.
140
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Throughout the 1930s and leading up to WWII, ___________ took aggressive action in Europe
141
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The _________ __ _____________ condemned Japan's invasion of Manchuria, but Japan simply withdrew
142
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Mussolini's armies invaded ___________ in 1935
143
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The League of Nations had no _________ to enforce punishment of Mussolini or Hitler
144
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Appeasement developed for a number of reasons, including widespread ___________
145
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Germany, Italy, and Japan formed this alliance
146
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The fascist leader of Spain. Spain became the world's battlefield in a bloody civil war in the lead up to WWII.
147
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Hitler and Nazi Germany sought Anschluss, or _________, with Austria
148
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The Sudetenland was part of ______________ where 3 million Germans lived
149
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Famous conference which leaders discussed the Sudeten Crisis. Leaders chose the policy of appeasement and allowed Hitler to annex territory
150
30 sec
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Join or merge territory into an existing political unit such as a country or state
151
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A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other
152
30 sec
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The Nazi-Soviet Pact paved the way for Germany's invasion of ___________ in Sept 1939, which set off WWII
153
30 sec
Q.
German Air Force
154
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After Hitler's rapid defeat of Poland, France, Belgium, Norway and other countries, the British evacuated their forces from the beaches at _________
155
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Hitler's right-hand man; head of SS
156
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Nazi Propaganda Minister
157
30 sec
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One of Hitler's best commanders who was sent to North Africa to wage war; nicknamed the "Desert Fox"
158
30 sec
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Germany occupied northern France and set up a _________ state
159
30 sec
Q.
the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it
160
30 sec
Q.
In the Balkans, German and Italian forces added Greece and ____________ to the growing Axis territory
161
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Q.
During World War II, __________ was surrounded and besieged by the German Wehrmacht, which cut off all supplies going into the city and trapping the people inside for 900 days
162
30 sec
Q.
Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there
163
30 sec
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A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.
164
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The US declared ___________ at the beginning of the war
165
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1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security
166
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December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Hawaii. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan, entering World War II.
167
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Q.
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause (used widely during WWII)
168
30 sec
Q.
After defeating the Nazis in North Africa, British and American troops crossed the _______________ sea and landed in Sicily
169
30 sec
Q.
As the Allies advance, Germany reeled from non-stop, around-the-clock __________
170
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Q.
A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.
171
30 sec
Q.
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war (foreshadowed a split among the Allies)
172
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May 8, 1945; day when the Germans surrendered
173
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Hitler underestimated the Soviet Union's ability to fight and endure __________
174
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Japanese forced about 60,000 of americans and Philippines to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way
175
30 sec
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One of the Bloodiest battles in the war, a fight to the death for Japanese soldiers, as the Americans were coming closer to Japan
176
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A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb
177
30 sec
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Trials of the Nazi leaders, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime
178
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An international organization of 50 countries whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. It was founded in 1945.
179
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After WWII, conflicting ideologies led to a _______ _______ (state of tension and hostility between the US and the Soviet Union)
180
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An area of land that serves as a barrier (desired by Stalin after WWII)
181
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1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism
182
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A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
183
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Q.
Western attempts to rebuild Germany triggered a crisis over the city of ___________. The Soviets controlled the east and Western Allies controlled the west
184
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Q.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
185
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An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
186
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Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population
187
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Reference to the period of relaxation or thaw in relations between the superpowers during Khrushchev's rule in the Soviet Union
188
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A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world.
189
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the Cold War competition between superpowers to develop more powerful and greater numbers of nuclear weapons
190
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First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.
191
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"Openness; called for increased transparency in government institutions and activities within the USSR; Mikhail Gorbachev.
192
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A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
193
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A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.
194
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Q.
Territory that declared themselves independent from Russia in 1991, but Russia invaded in December 1994 killing mostly civilians. In 1999 conflict rose again and has escalated into terrorism and counterterrorism.
195
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China's second five-year plan under the leadership of the impatient Mao, it aimed to speed up economic development while simultaneously developing a completely socialist society. This plan failed and more than 20 million people starved between 1958 and 1960.
196
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(1966-1976) Political policy in started in China by Mao Zedong to eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist China. The Cultural Revolution resulted in beatings, terror, mass jailings, and the deaths of thousands.
197
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Deng Xiaoping's plan to change China after the disaster of Cultural Revolution. Improve- agriculture, science/technology, defense and industry
198
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Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.
199
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Conflict that began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations (primarily the United States) allying with South Korea and the People's Republic of China allying with North Korea.
200
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Communist leader of North Korea; his attack on South Korea in 1950 started the Korean War. He remained in power until 1994.
201
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The four-year period saw the deaths of approximately two million Cambodians through the combined result of political executions, starvation, and forced labour by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.
202
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a political movement and a force of Cambodian communist guerrillas that gained power in Cambodia in 1975
203
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largest democracy in the world
204
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A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.
205
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A political group that claims to represent all Palestinians and to be working toward gaining an independent Palestinian nation.
206
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A Palestinian political party founded in 1987, Hamas is an Islamic resistance movement opposed to the state of Israel. In addition to carrying out military activities and suicide bombings, Hamas is active in providing a network of social services and programs to Palestinians.
207
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Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979. Ruled until 1989.
208
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Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
209
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A group formed in protest of the policy of Apartheid in South Africa. It was eventually outlawed due to their violent tactics, and Nelson Mandela, one of its leaders, was imprisoned for over thirty years.
210
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ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; spent 27 years in prison after conviction of charges while he helped lead the struggle against apartheid. Elected President in 1994.
211
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The Rwandan Genocide was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority. An estimated 800,000 Rwandans were killed during the approximate 100-day period.