Question 1

In the Philippines, five active fault lines in the country so far discovered, the Western Philippine Fault, the Eastern Philippine Fault, the South of Mindanao Fault, the Central Philippine Fault and the Marikina/ Valley Fault System. The Mati fault, located in the Southeastern part of Mindanao however, is the most significant. Measured to be about 30 km long, the fault is linked to the 1,200-km Philippine Fault line, the longest in the islands. Mati City is also facing the great Pacific Ocean with it’s under water volcanoes. A good 320 kilometers of this fault line is found in eastern Mindanao, from Surigao region to Mati City. On the other hand, Davao City was built on top of dry river beds. 
Mati City is a quaint provincial town with small scale  fire station with 4 fire truck and 1 provincial hospital and a centralized risk reduction management team. Davao City on the other hand, is a mega city with 10 fire station, 20 fire truck and a thousand firemen, 3 well-equipped hospital and a 911 qualified and efficient EMS or Emergency Medical Services. 
1.How do the characteristics of the Mati Fault impact the seismic risk for Mati City compared to Davao City?

Accepted Answer

Davao City is at a higher risk because it is built on dry river beds, which are more susceptible to earthquakes.

Answer

Mati City faces higher seismic risks because of its location near the Mati Fault and underwater volcanoes.

Answer

Mati City is safer because the Mati Fault is less active than other fault lines in the region.

Answer

Davao City’s seismic risk is minimal due to its location far from active fault lines.

Question 2

2. Considering the available infrastructure, which of the following would be the most effective strategy for managing seismic risk in both cities?

Accepted Answer

Develop a balanced approach, enhancing the existing emergency services in both cities while considering the specific seismic risks.

Answer

Relocate Mati City entirely to a safer location to avoid the risks from the Mati Fault.

Answer

Only focus on earthquake preparedness in Davao City since it has more resources.

Answer

Prioritize building more fire stations in Mati City and neglect hospital services.

Question 3

3. What additional factor, not explicitly mentioned in the article, should be considered when evaluating the seismic risk of Davao City and Mati City?

Accepted Answer

The level of public awareness and education on earthquake preparedness in each city.

Answer

The proximity of each city to major international airports.

Answer

The proximity of each city to tourist destinations, which could increase evacuation challenges.

Answer

The quality of the roads connecting both cities to other regions.

Question 4

4. Which of the following mitigation strategies would be most effective for reducing the risk of damage from earthquakes in both Davao and Mati Cities?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening infrastructure to withstand earthquakes, such as retrofitting buildings, bridges, and hospitals in both cities.

Answer

Reducing the size of emergency teams in Davao City to focus on resource distribution.

Answer

Focusing only on seismic risk in Mati City, where the fault lines are located, while ignoring Davao City.

Answer

Relocating residents of Davao City to lower-risk areas away from fault lines.

Question 5

5. What long-term strategies could be implemented in both cities to reduce future risks from earthquakes and tsunamis?

Accepted Answer

Implement stricter zoning laws and land-use regulations, especially in high-risk areas, while ensuring robust emergency preparedness and recovery plans.

Answer

Limit the development of emergency services in Mati City to reduce costs.

Answer

Focus only on preparing Davao City for large-scale events, leaving smaller cities like Mati without support.

Answer

Encourage urban sprawl and development near active fault zones in both cities.

Question 6

Manila:

Super Typhoon Man-yi battered the Philippines on Saturday, with the national weather forecaster warning of a "potentially catastrophic and life-threatening" impact as huge waves pounded the archipelago's coastline.More than 650,000 people fled their homes ahead of Man-yi, which is the sixth major storm to hit the disaster-weary country in the past month.Man-yi brought maximum wind speeds of 195 kilometres (121 miles) per hour as it made landfall on the sparsely populated island province of Catanduanes as a super typhoon, the weather service said, adding gusts were reaching 325 kilometres an hour."Potentially catastrophic and life-threatening situation looms for northeastern Bicol region as Super Typhoon 'Pepito' further intensifies," the forecaster said hours before it made landfall, using the local name for the storm and referring to the southern part of the main island of Luzon.Waves up to 14 metres (46 feet) high pummelled the shore of Catanduanes, while Manila and other vulnerable coastal regions were at risk from storm surges reaching up to more than three metres over the next 48 hours, the forecaster said.

1. Typhoon Man-yi, like all tropical cyclones, formed over warm ocean waters before making landfall in the Philippines. What is the main factor that contributes to the formation of a super typhoon like Man-yi?

Accepted Answer

The release of heat energy from warm ocean waters, causing intense rising air and cloud formation.

Answer

The presence of strong ocean currents that push water toward land.

Answer

The gravitational pull of the moon, which increases wind speeds over large bodies of water.

Answer

The interaction between cold air from the poles and warm air near the equator.

Question 7

Typhoons in the Northern Hemisphere, including those that hit the Philippines, always rotate counterclockwise. What natural force is responsible for this rotation?

Accepted Answer

The Coriolis Effect, caused by the Earth's rotation, which influences wind movement.

Answer

The gravitational pull of the moon, which affects the direction of typhoon winds.

Answer

The shifting of tectonic plates under the ocean, which disturbs atmospheric pressure.

Answer

The rising and sinking of warm ocean water, creating a circular motion in storms.

Question 8

A study analyzed pollutants in the Philippine seas and ranked them based on their impact on human health. Heavy metals (e.g., mercury, lead) and radioactive materials were found to be the most harmful, while pharmaceuticals had a lower impact.

Based on this ranking, which of the following best explains why heavy metals and radioactive materials pose the greatest health risk?

Accepted Answer

They accumulate in the body over time, leading to long-term damage to the brain, kidneys, and other organs.

Answer

They primarily affect marine life, but humans remain unaffected due to cooking and food processing.

Answer

They are difficult to detect in water and can be removed only by advanced filtration methods.

Answer

They are found in both freshwater and saltwater environments, making them widespread.

Question 9

Consider the following three pollutants found in the seas: radioactive materials, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals. Which option correctly orders these from the most harmful to the least harmful effect on human health?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive materials > heavy metals > industrial chemicals

Answer

Radioactive materials > industrial chemicals > heavy metals

Answer

Heavy metals > radioactive materials > industrial chemicals

Answer

Industrial chemicals > heavy metals > radioactive materials

Question 10

Mercury from mining activities in Compostela Rivers contaminates the water and is absorbed by tiny aquatic organisms. As it moves up the food chain, mercury accumulates in larger fish consumed by humans. Which process explains why mercury concentration increases at higher trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

Biomagnification – the increasing concentration of mercury as it moves up the food chain

Answer

Biodegradation – the breakdown of mercury by decomposers in the river

Answer

Photosynthesis – the process by which plants and algae absorb mercury to reduce toxicity

Answer

Bioaccumulation – the buildup of mercury within a single organism over time

Question 11

Accepted Answer

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